Similarity Eyewitness Identification and Models of Recognition Memory

这项研究将人类记忆的理论发展扩展到目击者识别领域。一种广义的全局匹配模型用于检验刑事侦查中嫌疑人指认过程中的相似性效应。使用标准的实验室程序和阶段性犯罪方法进行了12次实验。现有的研究表明，当人们在相似的选项中选择时，识别比在不相关的选项中选择时更准确。该项目的第一个研究将这一发现扩展到面部刺激和反应选择，包括“两者都有”或“两者都没有”，而不是强迫选择。在另一项研究中将对出场表现和阵容表现进行比较。为了测试嫌疑犯匹配策略可能会增加对无辜嫌疑人的错误识别的可能性而适得其反的命题，以及应该根据他们对肇事者的描述而不是他们与嫌疑人的相似性来选择干扰物的提议，对队列选择干扰物的策略进行了测试。其他特征，如干扰物的相似性和高相似性干扰物被错误识别或拒绝的情况。他的工作成果将对刑事司法系统有用，并将扩展我们对证人如何从队列和展示中进行识别的知识。此外，他们将把识别研究放在一个更广泛的理论框架内。这项研究将人类记忆的理论发展扩展到目击者识别领域。一种广义的全局匹配模型用于检验刑事侦查中嫌疑人指认过程中的相似性效应。使用标准的实验室程序和阶段性犯罪方法进行了12次实验。现有的研究表明，当人们在相似的替代品之间做出选择时，识别比在不相关的替代品之间做出选择时更准确。该项目的第一个研究将这一发现扩展到面部刺激和反应选择，包括“两者都有”或“两者都没有”，而不是强迫选择。在另一项研究中将对出场表现和阵容表现进行比较。为了测试嫌疑犯匹配策略可能会增加对无辜嫌疑人的错误识别的可能性而适得其反的命题，以及应该根据他们对肇事者的描述而不是他们与嫌疑人的相似性来选择干扰物的提议，对队列选择干扰物的策略进行了测试。其他特征，如干扰物的相似性和高相似性干扰物被错误识别或拒绝的情况。他的工作成果将对刑事司法系统有用，并将扩展我们对证人如何从队列和展示中进行识别的知识。此外，他们将把识别研究放在一个更广泛的理论框架内。＊＊＊

Abstract Clark 9709620 This research extends theoretical development in human memory to the area of eyewitness identification. A generalized global matching model is used to examine similarity effects in lineup and showup procedures used to identify suspects in criminal investigations. Twelve experiments using standard laboratory procedures and staged-crime methods are used. Extant research shows that recognition is more accurate when people choose between similar alternatives than when they choose between unrelated alternatives. The first studies of this project extend that finding to facial stimuli and with response alternatives that include "both" or "neither" rather than a forced-choice. Showup performance and lineup performance will be compared in another study. Strategies for selecting distractors for lineups that test the proposition that suspect-matching strategies may backfire by increasing the likelihood of false identification of innocent suspects and a proposal that distractors should be selected based on their fit to a description of the perpetrator rather than their similarity to a suspect are tested. Additional features such as the similarity of a distractor and the circumstances in which high-similarity distractors are falsely recognized or rejected are examined. The results of his work will be useful to criminal justice system and will extend our knowledge of how witnesses make identifications from lineups and showups. In addition, they will place identification research within a broader theoretical framework. %%% This research extends theoretical development in human memory to the area of eyewitness identification. A generalized global matching model is used to examine similarity effects in lineup and showup procedures used to identify suspects in criminal investigations. Twelve experiments using standard laboratory procedures and staged-crime methods are used. Extant research shows that recognition is more accurate when people choose between similar alte rnatives than when they choose between unrelated alternatives. The first studies of this project extend that finding to facial stimuli and with response alternatives that include "both" or "neither" rather than a forced-choice. Showup performance and lineup performance will be compared in another study. Strategies for selecting distractors for lineups that test the proposition that suspect-matching strategies may backfire by increasing the likelihood of false identification of innocent suspects and a proposal that distractors should be selected based on their fit to a description of the perpetrator rather than their similarity to a suspect are tested. Additional features such as the similarity of a distractor and the circumstances in which high-similarity distractors are falsely recognized or rejected are examined. The results of his work will be useful to criminal justice system and will extend our knowledge of how witnesses make identifications from lineups and showups. In addition, they will place identification research within a broader theoretical framework.. ***