U.S.-Japan Cooperative Science: Study of Pattern Formation in Growing Ice Crystals and Influence of Microscopic Interfacial Structure

9725945 Wettlaufer该奖项支持华盛顿大学的John Wettlaufer教授和日本北海道大学的古川吉信教授之间为期三年的合作研究项目。研究人员将开展与冰晶生长中的图案形成以及微观界面结构的影响相关的研究。这包括了解冰晶边界上存在的液态水在低于纯水冰点的温度下的动力学。这个被称为预融的过程对海冰中卤水的重新分配、污染物在冰川中的明显迁移以及土壤和岩石中的冻胀和风化速度具有重大影响。实验和理论计划将包括研究冰晶生长和晶体之间的未冻水传输作为温度和温差的函数，以及冰晶和不同基质之间的这种研究。一个重要的目标将是开发在自然条件下冰生长和杂质运输的有用模型，以便评估颗粒界面如何作为化学管道。该项目汇集了两个实验室的努力，这两个实验室拥有互补的专业知识、研究能力和设备。这项研究应该会为冰的近平衡增长和融化理论提供新的见解。该项目在技术上具有重要意义，因为表面相变发生在许多材料中，其中许多材料对工业加工很重要。这也与环境有关，因为自然环境中最丰富的晶体生长问题与冰有关。通过思想和技术的交流，这个项目将扩大我们的基础知识基础，促进国际理解与合作。***

9725945 Wettlaufer This award supports a three year collaborative research project between Professor John Wettlaufer of the University of Washington and Professor Yoshinori Furukawa of Hokkaido University in Japan. The researchers will be undertaking studies relating to pattern formation in growing ice crystals and the influence of microscopic interfacial structure. This involves understanding the dynamics of liquid water existing at the boundaries of ice crystals at temperatures below the freezing point of pure water. This process, called premelting, has significant consequences in the redistributing of brine in sea ice, the apparent migrating of contaminants through glacier ice, and the rate of frost heave and weathering in soils and rocks. The experimental and theoretical program will include studies of ice crystal growth and unfrozen water transport between crystals as functions of temperature and temperature differences, as well as such studies between ice crystals and various substrates. An important objective will be the development of useful models for ice growth and impurity transport under natural conditions in order to assess how grain interfaces may serve as chemical conduits. This project brings together the efforts of two laboratories that have complimentary expertise, research capabilities and equipment. The research should provide new insights into the theory of near equilibrium growth and melting of ice. The project is technically relevant because surface phase transitions occur in a host of materials, many of which are important to industrial processing. It is also environmentally relevant since the most abundant crystal growth problems in the natural environment involve ice. Through the exchange of ideas and technology, this project will broaden our base of basic knowledge and promote international understanding and cooperation. ***