Theoretical Calculations for High Energy Particles in the Atmosphere and in Underground and Accelerator Experiments

将进行计算，以改进探测高能基本粒子相互作用的地下和加速器实验的理论预测。因此，无论是作为强核力、弱核力和电磁力标准模型的测试，还是作为新物理的信号，实验结果都可以得到更好的解释。大型地下探测器作为中微子望远镜，探测探测器周围的水、岩石或冰中的中微子到µ子的转换。由银河系或银河系外源产生的中微子毫发无损地传播到地球，带来了有关天体物理过程的信息，这些信息无法从研究电磁辐射中推断出来。缪子和中微子也是由宇宙线与地球大气层中的气核相互作用产生的。在高能时，大气中迷人的粒子的产生和衰变是Muon和中微子通量的主要地面来源。对大气中产生的魅力粒子衰变产生的Muon和中微子的通量进行新的计算，将使用与Charm产生的实验室测量一致的一系列输入，并外推到更高的能量。此外，与地下探测器中电子中微子和介子中微子转化为带电粒子的解释有关的计算将得到改进。对现有计算的改进可能会对具有中微子振荡的模型中参数空间的允许区域产生影响。在量子色动力学(QCD)中，将对魅力夸克的中微子产生进行蒙特卡罗模拟。QCD是强核力的理论描述。蒙特卡罗将被实验小组用来帮助他们确定质子的奇怪夸克含量。

Calculations will be performed to improve the theoretical predictions for underground and accelerator experiments detecting high energy elementary particle interactions. Consequently, experimental results can be better interpreted whether as tests of aspects of the standard model of strong nuclear, weak and electromagnetic forces or as signals of new physics. Large underground detectors act as neutrino telescopes by detecting the conversions of neutrinos to muons in the water, rock or ice surrounding the detector. Neutrinos produced by galactic or extra-galactic sources travel undeviated to the earth, bringing information about the astrophysical processes that cannot be inferred from studying electomagnetic radiation. Muons and neutrinos are also produced by cosmic ray interactions with air nuclei in the earth's atmosphere. At high energies, charmed particle production and decay in the atmosphere is the dominant terrestrial source of fluxes of muons and neutrinos. A new calculation of the fluxes of muon and neutrinos from the decays of charmed particles that are produced in the atmosphere will be performed using a range of inputs consistent with laboratory measurements of charm production, extrapolated to higher energy. In addition, calculations related to the interpretation of electron neutrino and muon neutrino conversions to charged particles in underground detectors will be refined. The improvements to existing calculations may have an impact on the allowed regions of parameter space in models with neutrino oscillations. A `Monte Carlo` simulation of neutrino production of charm quarks in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) will be developed. QCD is the theoretical description of the strong nuclear force. The Monte Carlo will be used by experimental groups to help them determine strange quark content of the proton.