Integrated Tools for Automated Control Synthesis and Fault Diagnosis of Automated Manufacturing Systems using Discrete Condition Models

9807106 hollowway目前自动化制造程序的开发实践导致代码难以开发、调试和维护。离散事件系统（DES）控制综合技术有望通过对系统模型的分析实现这种控制开发的自动化。然而，目前的许多DES技术不能用于中型或大型系统，因为它们明显依赖于对遭受状态爆炸的状态空间的分析。此外，由于无法重用即插即用组件模型，它们需要在建模方面进行大量投资，并且它们假设明确的控制规范与必须为手动编码的控件开发的控制序列一样详细或更详细。为了使DES控制合成在工业中用于制造控制，需要开发能够严格解决当前技术局限性的技术。在本提案中，我们概述了一项研究计划，用于开发一套集成的工具和技术，直接针对基于模型的自动化DES控制综合应用于制造系统的控制。由此产生的技术将在一个集成的软件工具中一起实现，以演示控制综合对工业的使用。我们提出的控制方法将允许用户使用具有良好定义的输入和输出结构的即插即用离散状态组件模型来组装系统模型。然后，用户将输入所需系统行为的高级、模糊的规范。控制综合方法将使用对系统模型的分析来将此规范转换为包含实现规范所需的控制序列的完整信息的控制器，同时避免死锁条件。控制器还将包括故障检测和诊断信息，这些信息来源于系统模型中的因果关系。通过使用可重用的自动合成控制序列片段库，控制器的大小将保持适度。生成的控制结构将自动转换为C代码或梯形逻辑代码，以供编译和执行。在这些技术的发展中将要解决的研究问题包括将模糊规范转换为控制序列的明确层次结构，有效地控制合成层次控制组件，使用监督控制来防止死锁和防止这些控制序列的矛盾控制动作，在控制中使用不完全观察信息，并将故障检测诊断信息并入控制器中，导出系统模型。＊＊＊

9807106HollowayCurrent practice in developing programs for automated manufacturing leads to code that is difficult to develop, debug, and maintain. Discrete event system (DES) control synthesis techniques promise to automate this control development using analysis of system models. However, many current DES techniques cannot be used for moderate or large systems because they explicitely rely on analysis of the state space which sufffers from state explosion. Moreover, they require heavy investment in modeling due to an inability to reuse plug-and-play component models, and they assume unambiguous control specifications that are as detailed or are more detailed than the control sequences that would have to be developed for a manually coded control. For DES control synthesis to find use in industry for manufacturing control requires the development of techniques that critically address the limitations of current techniques. In this proposal, we outline a research program for developing an integrated set of tools and techniques that directly target the application of automated model-based DES control synthesis to control of manufacturing systems. The resulting techniques will be implemented together in an integrated software tool for demonstrating the use of control synthesis to industriesThe control approach we propose will allow a user to assemble a system model using plug-and-play discrete-state component models that have well defined input and output structures. The user then will enter high-level, ambiguous specifications of desired system behavior. The control synthesis methods will use analysis of the system model to convert this specification into a controller that contains complete information on the control sequences necessary to achieve the specification while avoiding deadlock conditions. The controller also will include fault detection and diagnosis information derived from the cause-and-effect relationships in the system model. The size of the controller will be kept modest by the use of a library of reusable, automatically synthesized segments of control sequences. The resultant control structure will be then automatically converted into C code or ladder logic code for compilation and execution. The research issues that will be addressed in the development of these techniques include the conversion of ambiguous specifications into unambiguous hierarchical structures of control sequences, the efficient control of synthesized heirarchical control components, the use of supervisory control to prevent deadlock and prevent contradictory control actions from these control sequences, the use of incomplete observation information in the control, and the incorporation into the controller of fault detection and diagnosis information derived from the system model. ***