Post-identification Feedback to Eyewitnesses: Psychological Processes and Forensic Consequences

越来越有力的证据表明，目击者从阵容和照片中辨认犯罪嫌疑人与两个问题有关。首先，它发生的频率令人惊讶，其次，虚假身份往往与证人的高度自信有关，这可能导致陪审员接受虚假身份，就好像它是准确的一样。PI最近的研究表明，确认反馈不仅会在那些做出虚假身份识别的人中产生信心膨胀，还会导致证人夸大他们对罪犯的看法有多好，他们在作证期间投入的注意力有多大，他们从名单中认出这个人的难度有多大等等。目前的实验将使用PI识别后反馈范式来检验这一假设，即导致信心膨胀的过程是无意识的，不容易逆转。实验将测试反馈的时机、反馈的类型、反馈后的时间流逝以及识别的准确性对目击者的信心报告、先前的观点、对先前描述的回忆、注意识别的容易程度以及其他目击者判断的影响。此外，研究还将评估模拟陪审员对目击者证词的印象，以此作为反馈操纵的函数。这些结果将对我们理解证人信心是如何发展的，为什么会改变，信心是如何与准确性分离的，以及对陪审员对证人可信度的评估的影响将具有重要意义。

9807399WellsThere is increasingly strong evidence that eyewitness identification of criminal suspects from lineups and photospreads is associated with two problems. First, it occurs with surprising frequency and second, that false identifications are often associated with high levels of confidence on the part of the witness and this can lead jurors to accept the false identification as though it were accurate. Recent work by the PI indicates that confirming feedback not only produces inflation of confidence among those who have made false identifications, but also leads witnesses to exaggerate how good their view was of the culprit, the amount of attention they paid during witnessing , how easily they were able to pick the person from the lineup and so on. The current experiments will use the PIs post-identification feedback paradigm to test the hypothesis that the processes leading to confidence inflation are not conscious and re not easily reversed. The experiments will test the effects of timing of feedback the type of feedback, the passage of time after feedback, and the accuracy of identification on eyewitnesses' reports of confidence, prior view, recollections of prior descriptions, attention ease of identification , and other eyewitness judgments. In addition the research will assess mock-jurors' impressions of the testimony of the eyewitnesses as a function of the feedback manipulation . The results will have significant implication for our understanding of how eyewitness confidence develops, why it changes, how confidence becomes dissociated form accuracy, and the implications for jurors' assessments of eyewitness credibility.