SGER: Winter Distribution of Emperor Penguins in the Ross Sea

9809161库伊曼帝企鹅冬季在罗斯海觅食的栖息地条件和分布型尚不清楚。这一定是最极端的环境之一，任何鸟类都可以在其中寻找食物。从纳撒尼尔·B·帕尔默号考察船出发，将开始对帝企鹅自然历史的这些方面进行初步研究。沿邮轮航道将确定帝王和其他脊椎动物物种的分布模式。多达20只觅食鸟类的单一样本饮食分析将在邮轮的不同部分进行。将使用卫星遥测来确定四只成年鸟的旅行特征和潜水模式。这些观察的结果应该提供了居住在罗斯海的鸟类的首选猎物和觅食区域的初步图景。此外，还提议对罗斯海的殖民地进行春季普查，以评估过去几年厄尔尼诺现象的早期扰动是否对随后几年的繁殖成功产生了重大影响。

9809161 KOOYMAN The habitat conditions and distribution patterns of emperor penguin foraging in the Ross Sea during winter are unknown. This must be one of the most extreme environments within which any species of bird searches for food. Working from the research vessel Nathaniel B. Palmer a preliminary study of these aspects of emperor penguin natural history will be initiated. Distribution patterns of emperors and other vertebrate species will be determined along the cruise track. Single sample diet analysis of up to twenty foraging birds will be conducted at various segments of the cruise. The travel characteristics and diving patterns of four adult birds will be determined using satellite telemetry. The results of these observations should provide an initial picture of the preferred prey and foraging areas of birds that inhabit the Ross Sea. In addition, a spring census of the colonies of the Ross Sea is proposed to assess if the earlier perturbations of the past years El Nino significantly affected the following years breeding success.