Consequences of polyploidy: Phylogeny, phyloecology, and expression of duplicated genes in Leucanthemum Mill. (Compositae, Anthemideae)

多倍体是被子植物进化过程中的一个重要过程。该项目将利用菊属（菊科，菊科）令人印象深刻的多倍体复合体，其中42个物种代表了二倍体到十二倍体染色体数目的不间断系列作为模型，研究多倍体的遗传，基因组，生物地理和生态后果。在自上而下的方法中，我们设想(a)利用核和叶绿体标记的测序和AFLP指纹图谱，以及对该属的最新分类修订，准备一个关于整个属的网状系统发育的假设；(b)基于地理参考植物标本馆标本，模拟所有物种的生态气候生态位。系统发育信息和实际和潜在生态气候位的重建将被用来界定多倍体复合体的时间、空间和生态多样化。在自下而上的方法中，我们将使用系统发育上不同的L. pluriflorum家族，包括来自伊比利亚沿海和内陆栖息地的二倍体、四倍体和六倍体物种(a)来研究该群体的系统地理学，(b)通过序列比较和表达研究来评估与耐盐性相关的重复候选基因的命运。

Polyploidy (whole genome duplication via auto- or allopolyploidy) is an important process in angiosperm evolution. The here proposed project will use the impressive polyploid complex of the genus Leucanthemum (Compositae, Anthemideae) with 42 species representing an uninterrupted series of diploid to dodecaploid chromosome numbers as a model to investigate the genetic, genomic, biogeographical and ecological consequences of polyploidy. In a top-down approach we envisage (a) to prepare a hypothesis of the reticulate phylogeny of the whole genus using sequencing of nuclear and chloroplast markers and AFLP fingerprinting, along with an up-to-date taxonomic revision of the genus, and (b) to model eco-climatic niches of all species based on georeferenced herbarium specimens. Phylogenetic information and reconstructions of actual and potential eco-climatic niches will be then used to circumscribe the temporal, spatial and ecological diversification of the polyploidy complex. In a bottom-up approach, we will use the phylogentically distinct L. pluriflorum clan comprising diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid species from Iberian coastal and inland habitats (a) to study the phylogeography of this group and (b) to assess the fate of duplicated candidate genes connected with salt tolerance by sequence comparisons and expression studies.