Phylogenetic Studies of Sunfishes and Basses, Family Centrarchidae, as Evidenced by Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Sequences and Morphological Characteristics

题目：中央科太阳鱼与鲈鱼的系统发育关系：线粒体DNA序列和形态特征的证据。太阳鱼科（太阳鱼和鲈鱼）是仅在北美发现的9属31种的一组。该科是北美东部大部分温水生态系统中鱼类群落的主要组成部分，在休闲渔业和水产养殖中备受重视。此外，centrarchids已成为许多行为，发育，生态，进化，功能形态，遗传和宿主-寄生虫共同进化研究的焦点。考虑到这些鱼作为模式生物在上述学科中的受欢迎程度，令人惊讶的是，科内物种之间的系谱关系得到的系统关注很少，而且那些提出的假设要么没有采用系统发育方法，要么基于可疑的特征数据，要么未能涵盖科内的所有分类群。此外，所有对中央古猿系统发育重建的尝试都缺乏一个合适的外群，部分原因是表现形目内部的系统发育关系在很大程度上仍未得到解决。无论如何，现有的关于这些重要鱼类之间关系的假设是令人困惑的。基于其他研究人员的不同形态数据集，以及本研究使用线粒体细胞色素b基因序列生成的新数据集，对中央古猿关系进行系统发育分析，将为建立中央古猿家族的单系性，产生中央古猿物种关系的系统发育假设，并确定中央古猿科的姐妹类群提供机会。此外，我们将重新评估在极化和排序字符中使用个体发生信息的问题。通过对现有数据集的单独和组合分析，并在大DNA序列数据集的背景下，提出了这些独立数据集之间的特征一致性（homoplasy）和分类一致性的研究。这些数据集将用于简约性分析，以重新评估使用个体发生来评估同源性和特征极性的有效性，确定数据集收敛于单一系统发育假设的程度，并为该家族建立稳定的分类，并将在进化速率和物种形成模式，生物地理学，功能形态模式，行为，生态学和宿主-寄生虫共同进化的研究中发挥作用。

Title: Phylogenetic Relationships of Sunfishes and Basses, Family Centrarchidae, as evidenced by Mitochondrial DNA sequences and Morphological Characteristics.Mayden and Harris9903794 The Centrarchidae (sunfishes and basses) are a group of 31 species in nine genera found only in North America. This family constitutes a major component of the fish communities in most eastern North American warm-water ecosystems and are highly prized in recreational fisheries and aquaculture. In addition, centrarchids have been the focus of many behavioral, developmental, ecological, evolutionary, functional morphological, genetic and host-parasite coevolution studies. Given the popularity of these fish as model organisms across the disciplines listed above, it is surprising that genealogical relationships among species within the family have received minimal systematic attention, and those hypotheses that have been proposed either did not employ a phylogenetic methodology, were based on questionable character data, or failed to encompass all taxa within the family. In addition, all attempts at phylogenetic reconstruction for centrarchids lack an appropriate outgroup, in part, because phylogenetic relationships within Perciformes remain largely unresolved. Regardless, the existing hypotheses of relationships of these important fishes are confusing. A phylogenetic analysis of centrarchid relationships based on diverse morpholgical data sets by other researchers, and a new data set generated from the present study using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences will provide an opportunity to establish the monophyly of the family, generate a phylogenetic hypothesis of centrarchid species relationships, and determine the sister-group to the Centrarchidae. In addition, we will re-evaluate the question of the use of ontogenetic information in polarizing and ordering characters. Through separate and combined analyses of data sets that currently exist and against the background of the large DNA sequence data set, a study of character congruence (homoplasy) and taxonomic congruence among these independent data sets also is proposed. These data sets will be used in parsimony analyses to reassess the efficacy of using ontogeny in assessing homology and character polarity, determine the extent to which data sets converge on a single phylogenetic hypothesis, and establish a stable classification for this family, and will be useful in studies of rates of evolution and modes of speciation, biogeography, evolution of functional morphology patterns, behaviors, ecologies, and host-parasite coevolution.