Identity Theory, Justice, and Emotions

这个项目利用身份认同理论的最新发展来研究正义和情感之间的关系。在同一性理论中，一个人以自我调节的方式行事，目的是将情境中的自我意义与自己标准中的同一性意义相匹配。这种自律是持续和持续的，通常不需要太多关注。当一个人的连续一致性的正常状态在某种情况下被打断时，他会变得更加专注。然后，这个人的反应是主观上感受到的负面情绪的自主唤醒。在认同理论中，假设认同过程中的反复干扰比偶尔或不频繁的干扰导致更多的负面情绪。这一假设被应用于关于个体对不公正的情绪反应的分配正义过程。分配理论与认同理论有许多共同之处。特别是，分配正义理论家还将自我概念化为以自我调节的方式行动，目标是使一个人在某种情况下的实际报酬与一个人的预期报酬相匹配。和谐记录了正义的经历，而不和谐记录了在某种情况下不公正的经历。负面情绪源于对不和谐的认知评价。将进行两个实验来测试个人对不公平情况的情绪反应。每个实验模拟一种工作情景，受试者被要求执行四项简单的办事员任务。他们被告知，他们的报酬(奖励)是基于他们在这些任务上的表现。在第一个实验中，被试在整个任务执行过程中被给予低奖励、期望奖励或过高奖励(高持续性)，或者在任务完成后得到奖励(低持续性)。第二个实验将与第一个实验相同，只是增加了一个。研究人员会让受试者感到，要么他们对他们得到的奖赏负责(自己负责)，要么实验者对他们得到的奖赏负责(其他人负责)。在这两个实验中，将测量受试者在担任工人角色时的正义标准。此外，在整个任务执行过程中，受试者的情绪将被测量：1)将面部表情和身体反应录像，并对录像带应用情绪编码方案；2)获得受试者当前感受的自我报告。总的来说，本研究通过检验同一性理论中关于情绪的一些理论假设以及检验理论中尚未探索的其他情绪来发展同一性理论。它还通过将同一性理论中的一些理论进步应用于分配正义理论来拓宽分配正义的研究。最后，本研究通过考察认同理论和分配正义理论假设的自我调节理论如何解释情境中的不同情绪，从而推进了情绪社会学的研究领域。

9904215StetsThis project uses recent developments in identity theory to examine the relationship between justice and emotions. In identity theory, a person acts in a self-regulatory manner with the goal of matching meanings of the self in a situation with the identity meanings in one's standard. This self-regulation is ongoing and continuous, often requiring little attention. A person becomes more attentive when the normal state of continuous congruence gets interrupted in a situation. Then, the person responds with autonomic arousal subjectively experienced as negative emotion. In identity theory, it is hypothesized that repeated interruptions in the identity process cause more negative emotion than occasional or infrequent interruptions. This hypothesis is applied to the distributive justice process regarding individuals' emotional responses to injustice.Distributive theory has much in common with identity theory. In particular, distributive justice theorists also conceptualize the self as acting in a self-regulatory manner with the goal of matching one's actual reward in a situation with one's expected reward. Congruence registers the experience of justice and incongruence registers the experience of injustice in a situation. Negative emotion follows from the cognitive evaluation of incongruence. Two experiments will be conducted to test the emotional responses of individuals to unjust situations. Each experiment simulates a work situation and subjects are asked to perform four simple clerical tasks. They are told that their pay (reward) is based on their performance on these tasks. In the first experiment, subjects with either be given an under-reward, expected reward, or over-reward at prearranged intervals throughout their task performance (high persistence), or they will receive their reward after task completion (low persistence). The second experiment will be set up like the first with one addition. Subjects will be made to feel that either they are responsible for the reward they receive (self as responsible) or the experimenter is responsible for the reward they receive (other responsible). In both experiments, subject's standard of justice while in the worker role will be measured. Additionally, subjects' emotions will be measured throughout task performance by 1) videotaping facial expressions and bodily responses and applying an emotion coding scheme t the videotapes, and 2) obtaining self-reports on subjects current feelings.In general, this research develops identity theory by testing some of its theoretical assumptions regarding emotions as well as examining other emotions not yet explored in the theory. It also broadens distributive justice research by applying some of the theoretical advances in identity theory to distributive justice theory. Finally, this research advances the area of sociology of emotions by examining how a theory of self-regulation that both identity theory and distributive justice theory assumes can explain different emotions in situations.