GLOBEC: Krill Distribution and Abundance in Winter

美国全球海洋生态系统动态（U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics，简称GLOBEC）项目的目标是了解并最终预测海洋动物种群对自然和人为气候变化的反应。在南大洋（SO）的研究表明，气候过程和生态系统动力学之间的强耦合通过每年海冰的形成和破坏。南大洋GLOBEC计划（SO GLOBEC）将通过确定影响目标物种分布、丰度和种群动态的关键参数，研究物理过程与生态系统响应之间的动态关系。SO GLOBEC项目的总体目标是阐明大陆架环流过程及其对海冰形成和磷虾分布的影响，并研究影响磷虾生存和向更高营养水平（包括企鹅、海豹和鲸鱼）供应的因素。美国对国际SO GLOBEC项目的贡献重点将放在冬季过程上。这部分将集中在幼年和成年磷虾和中浮游动物猎物分布，使用声学技术。将对磷虾的萎缩和死亡率以及磷虾的聚集行为进行研究。结果将与物理和生物模型中涉及的组件协调分析。综合SO GLOBEC计划的结果将是提高海洋生物资源的可预测性，特别是对当地和全球气候变化的可预测性。

The U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (U.S. GLOBEC) program has the goal of understanding and ultimately predicting how populations of marine animal species respond to natural and anthropogenic changes in climate. Research in the Southern Ocean (SO) indicates strong coupling between climatic processes and ecosystem dynamics via the annual formation and destruction of sea ice. The Southern Ocean GLOBEC Program (SO GLOBEC) will investigate the dynamic relationship between physical processes and ecosystem responses through identification of critical parameters that affect the distribution, abundance and population dynamics of target species. The overall goals of the SO GLOBEC program are to elucidate shelf circulation processes and their effect on sea ice formation and krill distribution, and to examine the factors which govern krill survivorship and availability to higher trophic levels, including penguins, seals and whales. The focus of the U.S. contribution to the international SO GLOBEC program will be on winter processes. This component will focus on juvenile and adult krill and mesozooplankton prey distribution, using acoustic techniques. Studies will be conducted and krill shrinkage and mortality rates as well as krill aggregation behavior. The results will be analyzed in coordination with components involved in physical and biological models. The result of the integrated SO GLOBEC program will be to improve the predictability of living marine resources, especially with respect to local and global climatic shifts.