Physics of Two-Dimensional Electron Systems

本研究项目是关于化合物半导体材料中二维电子气系统所表现出的凝聚态的量子力学性质。二维和低维电子系统显示了一些最基本的强关联电子的多体量子物理，例如整数和分数量子霍尔效应以及与之相关的一维边缘态，Wigner结晶，以及量子点和解药中的单粒子隧道现象。我们将通过磁输运、热激活、非线性输运、隧穿、共振和单粒子隧穿等技术，在很低的温度和很高的磁场下，实验研究二维电子的集体基态和少数电子的尺寸量子化系统的性质、它们的激发、手征边态动力学和量子相变。这一结果将对先进的多体量子理论的形成和验证具有重要意义。在半导体异质结构样品研究中发展起来的实验技术通过实现基于相似材料和工艺的新型电子器件来对技术产生影响。这项研究项目本质上是跨学科的，涉及对本科生、研究生和博士后的培训，他们将受到良好的培训，以进入工业、政府和教育岗位。%这项研究项目涉及通过简单和特征良好的二维电子系统探测凝聚态的量子力学性质。一维和零维样品是使用现代半导体制造技术制作的。二维和低维电子系统表现出整数和分数量子霍尔效应以及相关的一维边态，以及零维量子点和解药中的单粒子量子隧穿等行为。这些电子系统的性质和它们的动力学将在很低的温度和很高的磁场下进行实验研究。在半导体样品研究中发展的实验技术通过实现基于相似材料和技术的新的电子器件来对技术产生影响。这一研究项目的性质是跨学科的，涉及对本科生、研究生和博士后的培训，这些学生将受到良好的培训，以便进入工业、政府和教育岗位。

This research project is concerned with quantum mechanical properties of condensed matter as exhibited by two-dimensional electron gas systems in compound semiconductor materials. Two- and the lower-dimensional electron systems manifest some of the most fundamental many-body quantum physics of strongly correlated electrons, such as the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects and the associated one-dimensional edge states, Wigner crystallization, and the single particle tunneling phenomena in quantum dots and antidots. The properties of the collective ground states of two-dimensional electrons and the size-quantized systems of few electrons, their excitations, chiral edge state dynamics, and the quantum phase transitions will be studied experimentally at very low temperatures and very high magnetic fields via the techniques of magnetotransport, thermal activation, nonlinear transport, tunneling, resonant and single particle tunneling. The results will be of great interest in the formulation and confirmation of advanced many-body quantum theory. The experimental techniques developed in the study of the semiconductor heterostructure samples have an impact on technology via realization of new electronic devices whose fabrication and operation is based on similar materials and techniques. This research project is interdisciplinary in nature and involves training of undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students who will be excellently trained to enter positions in industry, government and education.%%%This research project is concerned with the quantum mechanical properties of condensed matter probed via the simple and well characterized system of two-dimensional (2D) electrons. One- and zero-D samples are made using modern semiconductor fabrication techniques. Two- and the lower-D electron systems exhibit behavior such as the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects and the associated 1D edge states, and the single particle quantum tunneling in 0D quantum dots and antidots. The properties of these electron systems and their dynamics will be studied experimentally at very low temperatures and very high magnetic fields. The experimental techniques developed in the study of the semiconductor samples have an impact on technology via realization of new electronic devices whose fabrication and operation is based on similar materials and techniques. This research project is interdisciplinary in nature and involves training of undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students who will be excellently trained to enter positions in industry, government and education.