GLOBEC Collaborative Research: Effects of Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Zooplankton Populations in the California Current System Using Coupled Biophysical Models

加州海流系统(CCS)将其高浮游植物生产力归功于风力驱动的环流模式，这种模式将营养丰富的水带到了地表。这些高的初级生产力通过浮游动物的高次级生产力转化为上层鱼类的高生物量，如凤尾鱼、鳕鱼和鲑鱼。此外，高初级生产力和次级生产力的空间格局是不同的，似乎与中尺度物理结构(如细丝、急流和涡流)密切相关。利用一系列相互关联的物理/生态/浮游动物模型，本研究将在季节和年际时间尺度上研究CCS中物理和生物过程(垂直迁移和生长效率)之间的复杂相互作用。将强调代表初级生产和鲑鱼种群之间关键联系的主要甲鱼类桡足动物(例如，太平洋水蚤和太平洋甲虫)和真甲鱼属物种(例如，太平洋真甲鱼和刺甲鱼)。此外，这些过程的作用将通过与位于相似和不同动力环境中的其他生态系统的比较研究来进一步阐明。本研究的目的是解决以下问题：循环场如何影响主要CCS浮游动物物种的分布和种群成功，如太平洋梭子虫、太平洋梭子虫、太平洋梭子虫和刺刺藻？这些物种的行为和生物能量差异如何与循环场、猎物分布和温度相互作用，以影响它们相对的种群成功？当地环境的年际变化(例如，来自大尺度大气或海洋波动)如何改变这些分布和主要CCS浮游动物物种的相对成功？CC/浮游动物系统的物理和生物学方面与其他研究良好的生态系统相比如何，包括GLOBEC特别感兴趣的生态系统(例如，乔治斯海岸、阿拉斯加湾和南大洋)？这项研究的结果将包括已开发的生态系统和浮游动物模型，应用于区域和流域尺度的环流模型。耦合系统将在与CCS过程研究密切相关的季节性和现实地面强迫下进行分析。此外，将开始对该生态系统和其他研究充分的GLOBEC生态系统内的物理和生物耦合进行比较综合。

The California Current System (CCS) owes its high phytoplankton productivity to wind-driven circulation patterns that bring nutrient?rich waters to the surface. These high rates of primary productivity are translated via high zooplankton secondary productivity, into high biomass of epipelagic fishes such as anchovies, hake, and salmon. Further, spatial patterns of high primary and secondary productivity are heterogeneous and appear to be closely linked to mesoscale physical structures (e.g., filaments, jets, and eddies). Using a series of linked physical/ecosystern/zooplankton models, this study will examine the complex interaction of physical and biological processes (diel vertical migration and growth efficiency) in the CCS on seasonal and interannual time?scales. Major calanoid copepods (e.g., Calanus pacificus and Metridia pacifica) and euphausiid species (e.g., Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera) that represent critical linkages between primary production and salmon populations will be emphasized. In addition, the roles of these processes will be further illuminated through comparative studies with other ecosystems located within both similar and dissimilar dynamical environments.The goal of this study is to address the following questions: How does the circulation field impact the distribution and population success of major CCS zooplankton species such as C. pacificus, M. pacifica, E. pacifica, and T. spinifera? How do the behavioral and bioenergetic differences of these species interact with the circulation field, prey distribution and temperature to influence their relative population success? How does the interannual variability of the local environment (e.g., from large?scale atmospheric or oceanic fluctuations) modify these distributions and relative success of major CCS zooplankton species? How do physical and biological aspects of the CC/Zooplankton System compare to other well?studied ecosystems including those of particular interest to GLOBEC (e.g., Georges Bank, Gulf of Alaska, and Southern Ocean)?The results of this study will include the developed ecosystem and zooplankton models, applied within regional and basin?scale circulation models. The coupled systems will be analyzed under seasonal and realistic surface forcing closely tied to CCS process studies. Furthermore, a comparative synthesis of physical and biological coupling within this and other well?studied GLOBEC ecosystems will begin.