Development of an Inexpensive Continuous GPS System for Remote Monitoring of Volcano Deformation

这笔赠款提供部分支持，用于购买将安装在厄瓜多尔加拉帕戈斯群岛内格拉火山上的持续监测GPS装置。几项技术突破现在能够以合理的成本在远程环境中部署连续监测的高精度GPS网络。这项提议中将发展的网络将包括四台单频GPS仪器和两台双频仪器，其中一台将用作基站。数据将通过无线电调制解调器从单频接收器源源不断地传输到基地，然后通过甚小口径终端近乎实时地转发到博尔德的联防部队。然后，这些数据将通过ftp提供给爱达荷大学的首席研究员进行处理。该网络将部署在加拉帕戈斯群岛的内格拉火山。内格拉山脉之所以被选中，原因多种多样。首先，卫星干涉测量表明，塞拉内格拉火山目前正在经历地球上所有火山中一些最快的抬升速度，大约为每年50厘米。其次，加拉帕戈斯群岛的偏远位置为这种系统的部署和运行提供了强有力的测试，以证明它可以用来监测这个半球的几乎任何火山。虽然群岛偏远，但内格拉山脉相对较近，PI在那里拥有丰富的后勤经验，该项目将得到查尔斯·达尔文研究站的支持。第三，目前正在开展几个项目，目的是了解内格拉山脉破火山口的变形(年度全球定位系统、断裂测绘和每月干涉合成孔径雷达测量)。预计这些将极大地提高我们对内格拉山脉的隆起和导致火山口形成的变形过程的了解。

0004067GeistThis grant provides partial support to acquire continuously-monitoring GPS units that will be installed on Sierra Negra volcano in the Galapagos Islands of Ecuador. Several technological breakthroughs now enable the deployment of a continuous monitoring, high-precision GPS network in a remote setting at reasonable cost. The network to be developed in this proposal will comprise four single frequency GPS instruments with two dual frequency instruments, one of which will serve as a base station. Data will be continually streamed from the single frequency receivers to the base via radiomodem, where it will then be relayed in near real time via VSAT to UNAVCO in Boulder. The data will then be available via ftp to the principal investigator at the University of Idaho for processing. The network will be deployed on Sierra Negra volcano in the Galapagos archipelago. Sierra Negra has been chosen for a variety of reasons. First, satellite interferometry indicates that Sierra Negra is currently experiencing some of the fastest uplift rates of any volcano on the planet, on order of 50 cm/y. Second, the remote location of the Galapagos provides a robust test for deployment and operation of such a system, to demonstrate that it can be used to monitor virtually any volcano in this hemisphere. Although the archipelago is remote, Sierra Negra is relatively accessible, the PI has a great deal of logistical experience there, and the project will be supported by the Charles Darwin Research Station. Third, there are several projects currently being undertaken with the goal of understanding deformation of Sierra Negra's caldera (annual campaign GPS, fracture mapping, and monthly INSAR measurements). These are expected to dramatically increase our understanding of the uplift at Sierra Negra, and the deformation processes leading to caldera formation in general.***