Cyclical, Intergenerational and Life Course Measures of Economic and Social Behavior: The Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), 2002-2006

收入动态小组研究（PSID）是自1968年以来对美国个人及其居住的家庭单位的代表性样本进行的纵向研究。该研究的长期跨度，创新的系谱设计和全面的内容对于从根本上理解各种关键的社会科学问题至关重要，包括那些涉及生命过程影响的问题。凭借对同一家庭30多年的数据，PSID可以被认为是基于经验的社会科学研究的基础设施支持的基石。 通过对经济和社会福祉的长期测量，并基于其代表性的美国家庭样本，这项研究迫使研究人员和政策制定者面对经济过程中固有的活力并从中学习，几十年来关于同一家庭的数据的巨大用处使PSID成为世界上使用最广泛的社会科学数据集之一。该项目目前每年通过其互联网数据中心向研究人员提供6,500个定制数据集。自1968年以来，已有2，000多篇期刊文章、书籍和章节、论文和其他作品以PSID数据为基础。这项研究被美国国家科学基金会评为“漂亮的五十”最显着的研究成果之一。1997-2001年的资助周期代表了PSID的一个主要过渡时期，在此期间，该项目实施了几个重要的变化。为了回应对样本规模急剧增长、代表性的维持以及联邦一级的财政限制的关注，该项目增加了1968年后移民的更新样本，并暂停了一些家庭的原始人口普查局低收入家庭的过度样本。最重要的是，该研究改为两年一次的数据收集时间表，因此对仪器进行了修改，以收集关于关键变量的波间信息。所有这些变化使研究回到了一个“稳定状态”，保持了样本的大小，达到了包括新加入者在内的全国代表性，并且证明了运行成本更低，同时保持了研究传统上的高数据质量。 此外，为了便于更好地利用数据集，扩大了六个主要领域的内容（代际研究;储蓄和消费;技术和资本形成;健康和老龄化;儿童发展;移民），在2002-2006年的供资周期中，公共部门发展研究所稳定并保持了这一研究的新状态。与1997年以前的情况相比，现在研究的访谈周期更长，内容也大大扩展。该项目的重点是改进受较长周期影响的领域的措施，评估新增加的内容领域的研究价值，并改进所收集数据的处理和交付。具体来说，该项目：1。 扩大内容，以促进当前的研究问题和政策问题的调查;2。继续1997-2001年周期的数据收集设计改革，包括两年一次的访谈，同时降低相关成本，提高生产力;将事件历史日历方法集成到计算机辅助电话访谈（CATI）应用程序中，以确保数据质量，尽管访谈之间的时间更长;4. 维护和改进几个新的数据编辑、处理和文档系统;5.通过基于收入和工资项目重新设计CATI数据收集工具，确保研究成为收入信息的“黄金标准”; 通过加强公共部门发展研究所网站数据中心，改进和加快数据的提供，更新使公共部门发展研究所能够完善和评估更广泛内容领域的研究价值，并通过改进数据收集和处理，进一步便利研究数据的使用。这些努力有力地加强了研究的基础设施价值，即可以用数据解决的主题范围以及不断扩大的社会科学学者的易用性。

The Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) is a longitudinal study since 1968 of a representative sample of U.S. individuals and the family units in which they reside. The study's long-term span, innovative genealogical design, and comprehensive content have been critical to the fundamental understanding of a wide variety of key social science issues, including those involving life course effects. With thirty-plus years of data on the same families, the PSID can justly be considered a cornerstone of the infrastructure support for empirically based social science research. Through its long-term measures of economic and social well being, and based on its representative sample of U.S. families, the study has compelled both researchers and policy makers to confront and learn from the dynamism inherent in economic processes.The enormous usefulness of decades of data on the same families has made the PSID one of the most widely used social science data sets in the world. The project currently delivers 6,500 customized data sets a year to researchers via its Internet Data Center. Since 1968, over 2,000 journal articles, books and chapters, dissertations and other works have been based on PSID data. And the study has been named one of the National Science Foundation's `Nifty Fifty' most notable research efforts.The 1997-2001 funding cycle represented a major transition period for the PSID, in which the project implemented several important changes. In response to concern about dramatic growth in sample size, maintenance of representativeness, and fiscal constraints at the federal level, the project added a refresher sample of post-1968 immigrants and suspended a number of families from the original Census Bureau oversample of low-income families. Most importantly, the study moved to a bi-ennial data collection schedule, with consequent changes to the instrument in order to collect interwave information on key variables. All of these changes returned the study to a "steady state" that maintains a sample of about the same size, attains national representation inclusive of new entrants, and has proved less costly to run-while maintaining the study's traditionally high data quality. In addition, to facilitate greater use of the data set, content was expanded in six major areas (intergenerational studies; savings and consumption; technology and capital formation; health and aging; child development; and immigration).In the 2002-2006 funding cycle, the PSID stabilizes and maintains this new state of the study. In contrast to the pre-1997 state, the study's interview periodicity is now longer and its content is greatly expanded. The project focuses on improving the measures in areas affected by the longer periodicity, assessing the research value of the newly added content domains, and improving the processing and delivery of the data that is collected. Specifically, the project:1. Expands content to facilitate investigation of current research questions and policy issues;2. Continues the 1997-2001 cycle's data collection design changes, including biennial interviewing, with the associated cost reductions and productivity increases;3. Integrates event history calendar methodology into the Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) application to ensure data quality despite the greater time between interviews;4. Maintains and improves several new systems for data editing, processing, and documentation;5. Ensures that the study is the "Gold Standard" for income information through redesign of the CATI data collection instrument based on an Income and Wages Project; and6. Improves and expedite data delivery through enhancements of the PSID web site Data Center.The renewal permits the PSID to perfect and assess the research value of the wider content areas and further facilitate usage of the study's data through improved data collection and processing. These efforts strongly reinforce the infrastructure value of the study in terms of the range of topics that can be addressed with the data and the ease of use for an ever-broadening range of social science scholars.