ROLE: Video Cases Online: Cognitive Studies of Preservice Teacher Learning

研究人员、专业开发人员、教育机构、资助机构和商业企业目前在在线系统上投入了大量资金，以支持教师通过课堂教学的视频案例进行学习。然而，关于教师如何从这些案例中学习，案例设计如何影响学习，以及如何最好地设计在线系统来支持学习，几乎没有科学知识。基于案例的教师学习环境的具体设计特征，如教学活动的设计以及案例本身如何组织以供呈现，可能会显著影响教师的思维和从案例分析中学习。鉴于人力和非人力资本的大量支出，需要科学知识来指导这项事业。本实验研究计划以案例学习与推理的认知科学理论为基础，旨在为教师教育发展线上视讯案例研究的教学法与理论。本研究将以两所主要大学教师教育专业开设的两门创新性心理学基础课程为背景进行。这两个项目都使用STEP Web，这是一个由pi开发的用于职前中学教师教育的专业发展网站。STEP Web是一个教学资源的超媒体网络，旨在通过视频案例支持教师学习。STEP网络教学的目标是帮助教师获得与学生学习和发展有关的科学知识。STEP网页设计基于认知灵活性理论。这种知识表示和教学设计理论侧重于多媒体环境下基于案例的学习，旨在促进医学和教学等专业实践领域的灵活迁移。使用STEP Web作为测试平台，研究人员将创建和测试用于支持职前教师视频案例研究的在线学习环境的替代理论动机设计。他们将进行对照研究，考察不同的学习环境设计如何影响职前教师的个人和小组学习过程，以及教师教育学生案例知识的形式和持续时间，以及他们在专业实践推理中结合和使用这些知识的能力。该项目将推进两个综合的研究方案：1。如何设计基于视频的教学案例，这些教学案例由各种组件组成，并且在包含哪些组件以及如何组织，分割和连接到学习材料方面可能会有所不同。2. 如何促进在线小组案例学习，重点是小组引导者的学习和培训，以及在线讨论环境的设计。本计画期望能更准确地描绘本科教育专业学生从影片案例研究中学到什么，并阐明如何设计好的案例和线上多媒体环境来支持此类研究。

Researchers, professional developers, educational institutions, funding agencies, and commercial enterprises currently make huge investments in online systems to support teacher learning with video cases of classroom instruction. However, there is little scientific knowledge about how teachers learn from such cases, how case design affects learning, and how online systems are best designed to support that learning. Specific design features of case-based teacher learning environments, such as design of instructional activities and how the cases themselves are structured for presentation, probably significantly impact teacher thinking and learning from case analysis. Given the substantial expenditure in both human and nonhuman capital, scientific knowledge is needed to guide this enterprise. This program of experimental research, grounded in cognitive science theory about case-based learning and reasoning, aims to develop a pedagogy and theory of online video case study for teacher education. The research will be conducted in the context of two innovative psychological foundations courses taught for teacher education majors at two major universities. Both programs use STEP Web, a professional development web site being developed by the PIs for use in preservice secondary teacher education. STEP Web represents a hypermedia network of instructional resources designed to support teacher learning with video cases. The goal of instruction with STEP Web is to help teachers acquire instructionally relevant scientific knowledge about student learning and development. The STEP Web design is based on Cognitive Flexibility Theory. This theory of knowledge representation and instructional design focuses on case-based learning in multimedia environments, with the goal of promoting flexible transfer in fields of professional practice, such as medicine and teaching. Using STEP Web as a test bed, the researchers will create and test alternative theoretically motivated designs for online learning environments supporting video case study for preservice teachers. They will conduct controlled studies examining how different learning-environment designs affect the individual and group learning processes of preservice teachers, as well as the form and duration of teacher education students' case knowledge, and their abilities to combine and use that knowledge in reasoning about professional practice. The project will advance two integrated programs of research:1. How to design video-based teaching cases, which consist of various components and can vary in terms of which components are included and how they are organized, segmented, and connected to learning material. 2. How to facilitate group case-based learning on line, which focuses on study and training of group facilitators, as well as design of online discussion environments. This project is expected to develop a more exact picture of what undergraduate education majors learn from video case study and to shed light on how to design good cases and online multimedia environments to support such study.