Scientific Coordination and Integration Activities of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme

IGBP的目标是增进对调节地球系统的相互作用的物理、化学和生物过程的了解；它为生命提供的独特环境；这个系统中正在发生的变化；以及它们受人类行为影响的方式，反过来又影响人类行为。IGBP科学计划最初是围绕八个“核心项目”实施的，涉及地球系统的具体多学科方面，现在正在重组为一个更简洁、更综合的结构，反映地球系统的动态，围绕系统的主要组成部分组织广泛的活动——大气、海洋和陆地，同样重要的是，在这些组成部分之间的接口。全球分析、整合和建模计划（GAIM）和过去全球变化研究（PAGES）这两项综合活动将把地球系统作为一个整体来研究。这种对地球系统的新关注还将解决与地球系统动态变化，特别是全球可持续性密切相关的重大社会重要性问题，例如，对(1)全球碳循环，(2)粮食和纤维生产以及(3)水资源的交叉研究。IGBP的新重点将在很大程度上通过IGBP开放科学会议来发展，该会议将在一系列层面上展示全球变化研究的最新成果：通过个别IGBP核心项目进行的研究以及跨这些项目进行的综合研究；IGBP与WCRP、IHDP、多样性、全球变化分析、研究和培训系统（START）、其他区域计划以及作为这些综合努力基础的个别研究项目之间的综合研究。会议还将确定研究人类活动与自然过程密切相关的复杂行星系统的新方法。IGBP科学委员会、IGBP官员及其秘书处将主导IGBP科学议程的规划工作；促进项目的启动，监督并不断审查项目的实施；促进收集的数据和科学成果的存档和交流；制定测量和数据分析标准；领导整合和综合研究，形成连贯和全面的全球图景；避免重复工作和资源使用；并将研究成果和数据传达给一些受众。

The goal of the IGBP is to improve understanding of the interactive physical, chemical and biological processes that regulate the Earth system; the unique environment that it provides for life; the changes that are occurring in this system; and the manner in which they are influenced by, and in turn influence, human actions. The IGBP scientific program, which was implemented initially around eight "core projects" addressing specific multi-disciplinary aspects of the Earth system, is being restructured into a more concise and integrated structure reflecting the dynamics of the Earth system, with broad activities organized around main components of the system-atmosphere, ocean and land-and, equally importantly, at the interfaces between these components. Two overarching and integrating activities-the Global Analysis, Integration and Modeling program (GAIM) and the Study of Past Global Changes (PAGES) - will address the Earth system as a whole. This new focus on the Earth system will also address issues of major societal importance which link strongly to changes in Earth system dynamics, particularly global sustainability, e.g., cross-cutting research on (i) the global carbon cycle, (ii) food and fiber production, and (iii) water resources. The new focus for the IGBP will be developed in large part through the IGBP Open Science Conference, which will present the latest results of global change research at a series of levels: research conducted throught the individual IGBP core projects and research integrated across these projects; research that has been integrated between the IGBP and the WCRP, the IHDP, Diversitas, the Global Change System for Analysis, Research and Training(START), other regional programs, and individual research projects on which these integrated efforts are based. The Conference will also identify new approaches to study of the complex planetary system in which human activities are closely linked with natural processes. The IGBP's Scientific Committee, its IGBP's Officers, and its Secretariat will lead planning for the IGBP's scientific agenda; promote initiation, oversee and keep under review implementation of the program; foster archiving and exchange of collected data and scientific results; develop standards for measurements and data analysis; lead integration and synthesis of the research into a coherent and comprehensive global picture; avoid duplication of effort and resource use; and communicate research results and data to a number of audiences.