Growth, Development, Aging, and Sociality Among the Tsimane of Bolivia

这个为期三年的研究项目研究了在玻利维亚齐马内传统的觅食和简单的园艺社会中，人们如何从年轻发展到老年。研究人员将测试关于死亡率、发病率、功能状态、技能、力量和耐力的特定年龄模式的预测，重点放在老龄化过程和老年人；将测试关于社会技能和社会资本的获得以及身体发育和力量作为成熟和生殖限制的假设；将研究个人的生活史特征与家庭内部和家庭之间的资源流动模式之间的关系。研究人员包括两名高级文化人类学家和五名来自新墨西哥大学和加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的研究生和本科生。研究样本将包括10个齐曼族村庄，人口约1000人。从较大的样本中，将选择三个总人口约为250人的村庄作为核心样本，进行重点行为研究和监测。将记录死亡率、发病率、人体测量、体力和技能的各种衡量标准，以及时间分配、资源生产和食物分配、儿童抚养技能、社会地位以及人力和社会资本的衡量标准。来自该项目的数据对于有兴趣了解人类生活史在相对传统条件下的普遍和可变特征的广泛学者来说将是重要的，可以与在人类生命过程演变的漫长选择历史中盛行的特征相媲美。

0136274KaplanThis three-year research project studies how people develop from youth to aged in the traditional foraging and simple horticultural society of the Tsimane, in Bolivia. The investigators will test predictions about age-specific patterns of mortality, morbidity, functional status, skill, strength and endurance focusing on the aging process and the elderly; will test hypotheses about the attainments of social skills and social capital as well as physical growth and strength as constraints on maturation and reproduction; and will study the relation between life history characteristics of individuals and the pattern of resource flows within and among families. The researchers include two senior cultural anthropologists and five graduate and undergraduate students from the University of New Mexico and UC-Santa Barbara. The study sample will include ten Tsimane villages with a population of about 1,000 individuals. From the larger sample three villages with a total population of about 250 persons will be selected as a core sample for focused behavioral studies and monitoring. Various measures of mortality, morbidity, anthropometry, strength, and skills will be recorded as well as measures of time allocation, resource production and food distribution, childrearing skills, social status, and human and social capital. The data from this project will be important to a wide range of scholars interested in understanding the universal and variable features of human life histories under relatively traditional conditions, comparable to those prevailing during the long history of selection during which the human life course evolved.