Micron and Submicron Aerosol Transport in Representative Human Conducting Zones

[201271 .]了解有毒颗粒在人体呼吸系统中详细而准确的沉积，对于毒理学家和监管机构评估可能的健康影响，特别是对工业工人、儿童和老年人等脆弱人群来说，是最重要的。对于药物气溶胶，预测药物到达目标肺区域的位置和浓度是可取的。在本项目中，将建立一个经过实验验证的计算机模拟模型，以预测和分析具有代表性的人类导电带中的微米和亚微米气溶胶传输。计算机模拟和分析气流、粒子传输和粒子沉积，如在这个项目中所做的是宝贵的工具，为有毒粒子和气溶胶领域的研究问题提供答案。即将进行的计算流体-颗粒动力学研究对以下方面最有用：(a)监管机构进行的定量接触-剂量和健康影响研究；(b)假设/效果测试，例如空气颗粒入口条件、气道几何特征和颗粒特性；(c)呼吸道疾病患者（即部分气道闭塞）与正常人上呼吸道颗粒物沉积的比较研究；(d)建立全肺瞬态一维颗粒沉积模型；以及(e)对有毒或治疗性气溶胶的生物影响分析感兴趣的医学研究人员；(f)用于药物气溶胶吸入器的开发以及随后针对制造商和制药公司感兴趣的肺部部位。调查结果的传播将通过同行评议的期刊文章、评论章节、会议报告和流体-颗粒流可视化来影响教科书的编写、教学和学习。

0201271KleinstreuerThe knowledge of detailed and accurate deposition of toxic particles in the human respiratory system is most important for toxicologists and regulatory agencies to use in evaluating possible health effects, especially in vulnerable population groups such as industrial workers, children, and the elderly. For drug aerosols, it is desirable to predict where and at what concentration the medicine reaches targeted lung areas. In this project an experimentally validated computer simulation model will be developed to predict and analyze micron and submicron aerosol transport in representative human conducting zones.Computer simulations and analyses of airflow, particle transport, and particle deposition such as to be made in this project are invaluable tools to provide answers to research problems in both toxic particles and aerosol areas. The computational fluid-particle dynamics studies to be conducted are most useful for: (a) quantitative exposure-dose-and-health-effect studies done by regulatory agencies; (b) hypotheses/effect testing, e.g., air-particle inlet conditions, airway geometry features, and particle characteristics; (c) comparison studies on particulate matter deposition in upper airways between people with respiratory diseases (i.e., partially occluded airways) and normal individuals; (d) the development of transient one-dimensional particle deposition models for whole-lung representations; as well as (e) for medical researchers interested in biological impact analyses of toxic or therapeutic aerosols; and (f) for the development of drug aerosol inhalers and subsequent lung site targeting or interest to manufacturers and pharmaceutical companies.Dissemination of results from the investigations will be made through peer-reviewed journal articles, review chapters, conference presentations, and fluid-particle flow visualizations to impact textbook writing, teaching, and learning.