Collaborative Research: INSTANT, International Nusantara STratification ANd Transport Program

0219782/0220382戈登/斯普林塔尔印度尼西亚贯穿流连接了两个大洋，通过这样做，提供了一条改变每个大洋内的层结以及影响ENSO和亚洲季风等气候现象的海-气通量的途径。虽然印度尼西亚区域最近开展了一些测量项目，但一个严重的缺陷是缺乏时间连贯性：数据涵盖了连接太平洋和印度洋的复杂航道不同航段的不同时间段和深度。这导致对热带雨林的平均和可变性质以及内海内温盐和输运剖面的变化不明确。该即时计划涉及6个国家(美国、法国、荷兰、澳大利亚、印度尼西亚、日本)，最终将以协调的方式同时测量关键航道(Makassar海峡、Lifamatola海峡、龙目岛海峡、翁拜海峡和东帝汶海峡)的ITF。测量的时间跨度为3年，从2003年8月开始。目前的目标是：1)确定横流及其相关的热量和淡水通量的全深度速度和性质结构；2)解决国际信托基金运输和财产通量的年度、季节和季节内特征；3)调查国际信托基金在印度尼西亚内海水域的储存和修改情况，从其太平洋来源特征到出口到印度洋的印度尼西亚横流水；以及4)为国际信托基金制定具有成本效益的长期监测战略作出贡献。INSTIMATE的智力优势和更广泛的影响是显而易见的：将获得对国际交易日基金的量化看法，这将为建立一个长期的“代理”监测系统奠定基础，以捕捉国际交易日基金的低频率变异性。众所周知，国际热带气旋基金会水域在全球温盐环流和气候信号及其异常的流域间转移中发挥着不可或缺的作用。对更广泛的海洋学社区的好处将是最终允许在海洋和气候模型中忠实地模拟ITF。此外，Instant将为研究生提供教育，并将为印度尼西亚和美国的本科生提供研究机会和培训。

0219782/0220382 Gordon/SprintallThe Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) links two oceans and in so doing provides a pathway for modifying the stratification within each of these oceans as well as sea-air fluxes that impact on such climate phenomena as ENSO and the Asian Monsoon. While a number of measurement programs have recently been undertaken in the Indonesian region, a serious shortcoming is their lack of temporal coherence: the data cover different time periods and depths in the different passages of the complex pathways linking the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This has lead to ambiguity of the mean and variable nature of the ITF, and of the transformation of the thermohaline and transport profiles within the interior seas. The INSTANT program, involving contributions of 6 countries (USA, France, Netherlands, Australia, Indonesia, Japan), will finally measure in a coordinated fashion the ITF in the key throughflow passages (Makassar Strait, Lifamatola Passage, Lombok Strait, Ombai Strait and Timor Passage) simultaneously. The measurements span a 3 year period beginning in August 2003. The INSTANT objectives are: 1) To determine the full depth velocity and property structure of the Throughflow and its associated heat and freshwater flux; 2) To resolve the annual, seasonal, and intraseasonal characteristics of the ITF transport and property flux; 3) To investigate the storage and modification of the ITF waters within the internal Indonesian seas, from their Pacific source characteristics to the Indonesian Throughflow water exported into the Indian Ocean; and 4) To contribute to the design of a cost-effective, long-term monitoring strategy for the ITF. The intellectual merit and broader impact of INSTANT is clear: a quantitative view of the ITF will be gained and this will establish the basis for a long term "proxy" monitoring system, as required to capture the low frequency ITF variability. The ITF waters are known to play an integral part in the global thermohaline circulation and in the inter-basin transfer of climate signals and their anomalies. The benefit to the broader oceanographic community will be to finally allow the ITF to be faithfully simulated within ocean and climate models. In addition, INSTANT will involve education for a graduate student, and will offer research opportunities and training to undergraduates in both Indonesia and the US.