Surface-Atmosphere Ozone Fluxes at Summit, Greenland

极地地区的Helmig研究表明，积雪和大气之间的化学和物理相互作用对大气的组成有很大的影响。气体和气溶胶的沉积和清除导致化学蓄积物的积累，在温度和太阳辐射增加的条件下，化学蓄积物可以变成光化学活性反应堆。这些反应形成自由基，并将化学物质释放到大气表层，从而影响重要对流层微量气体的浓度和收支。对降雪空气中臭氧的光化学消耗、表层臭氧的昼夜趋势、系留气球垂直剖面数据和光化学臭氧产生的估计的观察表明，臭氧沉积到积雪中取决于参数，包括沉积的痕量气体的数量和组成、太阳辐射和雪温。因此，极地地区的臭氧表面通量预计将具有雪光化学、昼夜和季节相关性，总体上更加复杂，可能比全球大气模式中考虑的更大。这项研究的目的是研究臭氧对全年积雪的昼夜和季节沉积，并调查臭氧沉积与环境和雪光化学条件的相关性。这项研究将采用涡旋相关法、塔梯度法和测量间隙空气中臭氧的灵敏通量测量方法。实地测量将在顶峰、格陵兰和沿海地区的三个实验期间进行，在各种环境和季节条件下进行。智力价值：这个项目将测量极地积雪上的昼夜和季节臭氧通量和沉积率。将分析臭氧表面通量与环境和雪光化学过程的关系。数据将被纳入大气三维化学和传输模型。将对极地地区的总臭氧汇和预测的环境变化对对流层臭氧收支的影响进行估计。更广泛的影响：这项研究将在大气分析仪器开发和实地研究以及数据同化和纳入大气模型领域的两名早期职业科学家之间建立新的合作。将对臭氧通量测量技术进行彻底的测试和表征，以便在北极环境和未来的研究中使用。一名女研究生将获得博士学位的资助。本科生，特别是少数族裔和代表性不足的群体，将通过实习和暑期学习项目参与。数据将在国家冰雪数据中心的ARCS数据协调中心档案中提供。这项研究将有助于提高我们对对流层臭氧未来变化的理解和预测能力，以及在人为辐射温室气体强迫中的作用。因此，这项研究将有助于改进全球变化预测和指导社会反应。

ABSTRACTOPP-0240976Helmig Research in polar regions has demonstrated that chemical and physical interactions between the snowpack and the atmosphere have a substantial impact on the atmosphere's composition. Deposition and scavenging of gases and aerosols result in the accumulation of a chemical reservoir that, under conditions of increasing temperature and solar irradiance, can turn into a photochemically active reactor. These reactions form radicals and the release of chemicals into the atmospheric surface layer, and consequently influence concentrations and budgets of important tropospheric trace gases. Observations of photochemical depletion of ozone in firn air, diurnal ozone trends in the surface layer, tethered balloon vertical profile data and estimates of photochemical ozone production imply that ozone deposition to the snowpack depends on parameters, including the quantity and composition of deposited trace gases, solar irradiance and snow temperature. Consequently, ozone surface fluxes in polar regions are expected to have snow photochemical, diurnal, and seasonal dependencies and to overall be more complex and possibly larger than considerations in global atmospheric models. The objective of this research is to study the diurnal and seasonal ozone deposition to the year-round snowpack and investigate dependencies of ozone deposition on environmental and snow photochemical conditions. This study will employ sensitive flux measurement approaches by eddy correlation, by the tower gradient method and by measurements of ozone in the interstitial air. Field measurements will be performed during three experiments at Summit, Greenland and a coastal area during a wide variety of environmental and seasonal conditions. Intellectual Merit: This project will measure diurnal and seasonal ozone fluxes and deposition rates over polar snowpack. Ozone surface fluxes will be analyzed for their relation to environmental and snow photochemical processes. Data will be incorporated into atmospheric three dimensional chemistry and transport models. Estimates of the overall ozone sink of polar regions and the impact of predicted environmental changes on the tropospheric ozone budget will be developed. Broader Impacts: This research will establish a new collaboration between two early career scientists in the fields of atmospheric analytical instrumentation development and field research and data assimilation and integration into atmospheric models. Ozone flux measurement techniques will be thoroughly tested and characterized for use in the Arctic environment and in future research. A female graduate student will be supported for her Ph.D. Undergraduate students, in particular minority and underrepresented groups, will participate through internships and summer study projects. Data will be made available at the ARCSS Data Coordination Center archive at the National Snow and Ice Data Center. This research will contribute to improving our understanding and predictive capabilities of future changes of tropospheric ozone and role in anthropogenic radiative greenhouse gas forcing. Consequently, this research will contribute towards improving global change predictions and in directing society responses.