EAGER: Coronas, Hydrogen Oxides, and Ozone Produced in the Atmosphere by Trees under Thunderstorms and by High Voltage Electrical Power Transmission Lines

EAGER：雷暴下的树木和高压输电线路在大气中产生的电晕、氧化氢和臭氧

• 批准号: 2203165
• 负责人: William Brune
• 金额: $ 29.46万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2203165&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Coronas; Hydrogen; Oxides; Ozone

This EAGER project is focused on an investigation of the potential for atmospheric corona to generate atmospheric oxidants, such as hydroxyl (OH), hydroperoxyl (HO2), and ozone (O3). Coronas occur frequently in the atmosphere near sources of enhanced electric fields, such as high voltage electrical power transmission lines (HVTLs) and thunderstorms. Trees under nearby thunderstorms are a potentially important source of coronas and thus atmospheric oxidants. Atmospheric oxidants can affect the lifetime of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, thereby influencing air quality and climate change. This research could lead to a new understanding of global atmospheric oxidation and its past and future trends.The main questions that this research will address are: (1) How many coronas (producing OH, HO2, and O3) are generated as a thunderstorm passes over a forest? (2) How many branches on a tree and what fraction of trees in a forest under a thunderstorm produce coronas? (3) How do coronas vary on each branch with time and environmental conditions? (4) How many coronas (producing OH, HO2, and O3) are generated on high voltage transmission lines (HVTLs) of different voltages (50 kV to 500 kV typical) for different environmental conditions? This project meets the qualification for an EAGER award due to its nature as a high-risk, high-reward project. These will be the first measurements that define the amounts and the distributions of coronas and corona-generated OH and HO2 by HVTLs and on trees during thunderstorms. It is possible that there may be no or very little detectable coronas on trees during thunderstorms. In addition, there are several optical, mechanical, electronic, and operational design issues that must be resolved before successful measurements can be made. However, preliminary data suggest a significant probability that this research will be successful in providing key information about corona emissions related to thunderstorms and HVTLs that may lead to important new knowledge about the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个急切的项目专注于研究大气电晕产生大气氧化剂的潜力，如羟基(OH)、过氧化氢(HO2)和臭氧(O3)。日冕经常出现在大气中增强电场的来源附近，如高压电力传输线和雷暴。附近雷暴下的树木是日冕的潜在重要来源，因此也是大气氧化剂的重要来源。大气氧化剂会影响空气污染物和温室气体的寿命，从而影响空气质量和气候变化。这项研究可能会对全球大气氧化及其过去和未来的趋势有一个新的理解。本研究将解决的主要问题是：(1)雷暴经过森林时产生多少日冕(产生OH，HO2和O_3)？(2)一棵树上有多少树枝，在雷暴下森林中有多少树木产生日冕？(3)每个树枝上的日冕如何随着时间和环境条件的变化？(4)有多少日冕(产生OH，CO_2，和臭氧)是在不同环境条件下在不同电压(通常为50千伏到500千伏)的高压输电线路(HVTL)上产生的？该项目因其高风险、高回报的性质，符合获奖资格。这将是第一次测量出雷暴期间的日冕和日冕产生的OH和HO2的数量和分布。在雷雨期间，树木上可能没有或几乎没有可检测到的日冕。此外，在成功进行测量之前，必须解决几个光学、机械、电子和操作设计问题。然而，初步数据表明，这项研究很有可能成功地提供与雷暴和HVTL有关的电晕排放的关键信息，这些信息可能会导致关于大气氧化能力的重要新知识。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。