Collaborative Research: The Influence of Surface Gradients on Gas Exchange during the SOLAS--ANZ Experiment

SOLAS倡议的目标是量化生物地球化学-物理-大气-海洋相互作用，并确定这一耦合系统如何影响气候和环境变化。关键目标之一是准确量化海-气之间的气体转移率。缺乏现场观测给我们对气体通量的了解留下了很大的空白，而最迫切需要观测的区域是南大洋。模型表明，该地区对未来60年的海洋碳汇有很大的潜在影响。在这个项目中，伍兹霍尔海洋研究所和迈阿密大学罗森斯蒂尔海洋和大气科学学院的研究人员将参加2003年11月在南大洋进行的SOLAS-ANZ(表面海洋低层大气研究-澳大利亚/新西兰)气体传输实验。SOLAS-ANZ巡航将是一次生物扰动实验，涉及添加铁来刺激浮游植物水华。将使用双重示踪剂技术以及微气象方法来量化对气体传输的相应修改。伍兹霍尔和RSMAS团队将通过部署皮肤深度剖面仪和M-Aeri光谱辐射计参与这次探险。SKINDEP配备了高分辨率的温度和电导率传感器，可以研究从10米深到表面的微结构。该团队将通过增加氧气和PAR传感器来扩展SkinDeep的测量能力。M-Aeri光谱辐射计提供高精度的海洋皮肤温度测量。参与这项生物扰动实验将使他们能够估计温度对气体通量的影响。高分辨率的氧气剖面将使表层的生物生产和消耗得以量化。PAR测量还将通过光的吸收来提供生物活动的指示器。这些测量将在受精区内外进行。通过该项目建立的国际合作将允许来自美国和新西兰的研究人员之间的知识转移。研究小组预计将在网站上提供邮轮的每日更新，类似于最近由NSF资助的SOFEX实验，从而使公众能够深入了解海洋野外实验的日常活动。

ABSTRACTOCE-0326814 / OCE-0327188The SOLAS initiative has as its goal to quantify biogeochemical-physical atmosphere-ocean interactions and determine how this coupled system affects climate and environmental change. One of the key objectives is accurate quantification of air-sea gas transfer rates. The lack of field observations leaves large gaps in our understanding of gas fluxes, and the most urgent region requiring observations is the Southern Oceans. Models have shown that this region has a large potential effect on the ocean carbon sink over the next 60 years. In this project researchers at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (University of Miami) will participate in the SOLAS-ANZ (Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study - Australia/ New Zealand) gas transfer experiment in the Southern Ocean in November, 2003. The SOLAS- ANZ cruise will be a bio-perturbation experiment involving the addition of iron to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. The corresponding modification to the gas transfer will be quantified with the dual tracer technique, as well as micrometeorological methods. The Woods Hole and RSMAS team involvement in the expedition will be through the deployment of the SkinDeEP profiler and the M-AERI spectroradiometer. SkinDeEP is equipped with high-resolution temperature and conductivity sensors to investigate microstructure from a depth of 10 m to the surface. The team will extend the measurement capability of SkinDeEP with the addition of oxygen and PAR sensors. The M-AERI spectroradiometer provides highly accurate ocean skin temperature measurements. Participation in this bio-perturbation experiment will allow them to obtain estimates of the influence of temperature on gas fluxes. The high-resolution oxygen profiles will allow quantification of biological production and consumption in the surface layer. The PAR measurements will also provide an indicator of biological activity through the absorption of light. These measurements will be conducted both inside and outside the fertilized patch. The international collaboration established through this project will allow the transfer of knowledge between researchers from the US and New Zealand. The research team expects to make daily updates of the cruise available on a web site, in a similar fashion to the recently NSF-funded SOFeX experiment, thereby allowing the public insight into the daily activities of an oceanographic field experiment.