Doctoral Dissertation Research:The Ceramics of Ciudad Vieja, El Salvador: Culture Contact and Social Adaptation in Mesoamerica

在E. wylyys Andrews V博士的监督下，Jeb J. Card将分析来自萨尔瓦多Vieja城的西班牙殖民遗址的陶瓷文物。Vieja城是圣萨尔瓦多最初的聚居地，位于现代大都市的外围。历史文献将占领时间定在公元1528年至1545年之间，这在考古学上是很短的一段时间。别哈城是西班牙征服的前哨，这一过程瓦解并改变了三千年的中美洲文明。这些早期的文献资料，尤其是土著文化的文献资料很少，但这表明，西班牙殖民地以及后来的拉丁美洲的许多社会经济模式，直到Vieja城被遗弃后才开始以熟悉的形式出现。通常，早期征服时期的考古研究受到现代城市化和缺乏严格的时间控制的阻碍。别哈城是一个罕见的西班牙征服时期的考古研究中心。历史记录集中在有文化和有权势的人身上，但Vieja城的所有种族和各行各业的人都使用和丢弃了陶器，这是该遗址最常见的人工制品。Ciudad Vieja项目从各种各样的环境中回收陶瓷容器，包括简陋和富裕的家庭、铁匠车间、军事哨所和市政厅。短暂的占用意味着所有这些区域大致在同一时间被使用，反映了曾经生活的社区。在这些地区及其周围被丢弃的船只是参与全球化基础的一代殖民者和当地居民日常活动的法医证据。这些活动的模式将揭示构成这个多民族社会基础的社会经济关系。分析陶瓷容器建造技术将探讨经济生产和分配在圣萨尔瓦多。跨文化，人们通过他们用来招待客人的餐具来交流关于他们自己的信息。Vieja城使用的大量服务容器融合了当地和欧洲的设计理念，反映了早期殖民社会中文化的相互作用。对这些容器的设计和分布的分析将决定在面对入侵和强迫文化适应时土著地位展示的规模。拟议的研究将在几个层面上产生更广泛的影响。卡德将与萨尔瓦多技术大学的萨尔瓦多学生合作，这些学生将获得实验室和计算机辅助统计分析方面的坚实背景。萨尔瓦多政府目前正准备将Vieja城作为一个考古公园，用于教育萨尔瓦多和国际公众，Card的研究结果将有助于介绍该遗址。作为Vieja Ciudad项目的一部分，Card在美国科学会议和萨尔瓦多的西班牙语出版物上发表了研究结果，这项研究的结果将以西班牙语和英语以各种形式发表，包括审稿期刊。卡德还将负责Vieja城市网站的设计和发展，向广大受众开放该项目的研究。

Under the supervision of Dr. E. Wyllys Andrews V, Jeb J. Card will analyze the ceramic artifacts from the Spanish colonial site of Ciudad Vieja, El Salvador. Ciudad Vieja, the original settlement of San Salvador, is located outside of the modern metropolis. Historical documents place the occupation between 1528 - 1545 A.D., a very short period of time in archaeological terms. Ciudad Vieja was an outpost of the Spanish Conquest, the process of unraveling and transforming three thousand years of Mesoamerican civilization. Documentary information, especially of indigenous culture, is minimal for these early years but suggests that many of the socioeconomic patterns of the Spanish colonies, and later Latin America, only begin to take familiar forms after Ciudad Vieja was abandoned. Typically, archaeological study of this early Conquest period is hampered by modern urbanization and lack of tight chronological control. Ciudad Vieja is a rare Conquest-period Spanish center accessible to archaeological study. Historical records focus on the literate and the powerful, but people of all ethnicities and walks of life at Ciudad Vieja used and discarded pottery, the most common artifact class at the site. The Ciudad Vieja project has recovered ceramic vessels from a wide range of contexts including households humble and opulent, blacksmith's workshops, military posts, and the town hall. The short occupation means that all of these areas were in use at roughly the same time, mirroring the once-living community. The vessels discarded in and around these areas are forensic evidence of the day-to-day activities of one generation of colonists and local inhabitants participating in the very foundations of globalization. Patterning in these activities will reveal the socioeconomic relationships that formed the basis of this multiethnic society. Analysis of ceramic vessel construction techniques will probe economic production and distribution within San Salvador. Cross-culturally, people communicate information about themselves through the tableware they use to host guests. A significant proportion of serving vessels used at Ciudad Vieja incorporated local and European design ideas, reflecting the cultural interplay within early colonial society. Analysis of the design and distribution of these vessels will determine the scale of indigenous status display in the face of invasion and forced acculturation. The proposed research will have a broader impact on several levels. Card will work with El Salvadoran students from the Universidad Tecnologica de El Salvador, who will gain a solid background in laboratory and computer-aided statistical analysis. The Salvadoran government is currently preparing Ciudad Vieja as an archaeological park for the education of the Salvadoran and international public, and the results of Card's research will help inform the presentation of the site. As part of the Ciudad Vieja project, Card has presented research results in American scientific meetings and in Spanish-language publications in El Salvador, and the results of this study will be published in Spanish and English, in a variety of formats including refereed journals. Card will also be responsible for the design and growth of the Ciudad Vieja web presence, opening up the project's research to a large audience.