Information Technology Research (ITR): Linked Environments for Atmospheric Discovery (LEAD)

每年，美国各地的洪水、龙卷风、冰雹、强风、闪电和冬季风暴导致数百人死亡，每年造成超过130亿美元的经济损失。它们的缓解被僵化的信息技术框架所扼杀，这些框架无法适应天气研究独特的实时、按需和动态适应的需求。大气发现的链接环境(Lead)允许科学家和学生访问、准备、预测、管理、分析和可视化广泛的气象信息，而不受格式和物理位置的影响。分析工具、预报模型和数据仓库能够作为动态适应的按需系统发挥作用，这些系统可以快速、自动地更改配置以响应不断变化的天气；根据手头的天气问题立即对用户决策做出响应；以及引导远程观测系统优化数据收集和预报/警报质量。Lead将使研究人员、教育工作者和学生能够在比现在更现实、更实时的环境中运行大气模型和其他工具，加快研究成果向操作的转化，并首次将复杂大气科学工具的教学好处带入高中课堂。它的能力将被整合到数十所大学和运营研究中心，这些中心总共覆盖21,000名大学生、1800名教职员工和数百名运营从业者。

Each year across the United States, floods, tornadoes, hail, strong winds, lightning, and winter storms cause hundreds of deaths and result in annual economic losses of more than $13B. Their mitigation is stifled by rigid information technology frameworks that cannot accommodate the unique real time, on-demand, and dynamically-adaptive needs of weather research.Linked Environments for Atmospheric Discovery (LEAD), the foundation of which is a series of interconnected virtual "Grid environments," allows scientists and students to access, prepare, predict, manage, analyze, and visualize a broad array of meteorological information independent of format and physical location. A transforming element of LEAD is the ability for analysis tools, forecast models, and data repositories to function as dynamically adaptive, on-demand systems that can change configuration rapidly and automatically in response to the evolving weather; respond immediately to user decisions based upon the weather problem at hand; and steer remote observing systems to optimize data collection and forecast/warning quality. LEAD will allow researchers, educators, and students to run atmospheric models and other tools in much more realistic, real time settings than is now possible, hasten the transition of research results to operations, and bring the pedagogical benefits of sophisticated atmospheric science tools into high school classrooms for the first time. Its capabilities will be integrated into dozens of universities and operational research centers that collectively reach 21,000 university students, 1800 faculty, and hundreds of operational practitioners.