Core Measurements at Summit, Greenland Environmental Observatory

摘要OPP#：0336450PI：Roger Bales标题：顶峰核心测量，格陵兰环境观测站计划：北极研究支持和后勤这个五年期项目支持继续和扩大位于格陵兰冰盖海拔3100米的顶峰格陵兰环境观测站(GEOSummit)对北极大气、雪和其他地球系统组成部分的长期测量收集。自1993年以来，GEOSummit收集了一套核心测量资料，该项目规定继续运作GEOSummit，作为全年学科和跨学科测量和研究的长期地点。这一位置为低海拔地区提供了赞誉，也为北半球类似南极站提供了便利。测量包括基线气象、辐射、对流层化学、雪的性质和雪化学，与NOAA-CMDL合作进行的一些测量，以及由个别研究人员发起的测量。测量结果与世界气象组织的全球大气观测(GAW)计划的目标保持一致。正在研究的大气气相和气溶胶物种都是人类活动对区域和全球大气变化影响的敏感指标，或者是重要的化学耦合物种，其浓度可能受到北极变化的强烈影响，这些变化包括雪/冰表面温度、冰/雪盖和大气环流的变化。雪中的相关化学测量为研究北极气候变化、空气-雪交换和大气成分之间的反馈提供了必要的联系。最近的证据表明，重要的大气化学成分与冰/雪发生了依赖温度的交换，一些物种在阳光照亮的表面积雪中进行了光化学转化和/或产生。要了解北极环境变化，就必须定量了解环境控制(如温度、辐射、湿度、臭氧浓度)对空气-雪反馈的影响，以及这些过程对整个北极大气的影响。由于北极大气环流的变化在4-5年或更长时间内是周期性的，因此需要进行长期测量，以了解环流并从长期的角度看待观测到的变化。数据和结果将通过国家冰雪数据中心数据档案共享

AbstractOPP #: 0336450PI: Roger BalesTitle: Core Measurements at Summit, Greenland Environmental ObservatoryProgram: Arctic Research Support and LogisticsThis 5-year project supports continuing and expanding the collection of long-term measurements of the Arctic atmosphere, snow and other Earth system components at the Summit Greenland Environmental Observatory (GEOSummit), located at an elevation of 3100 m on the Greenland ice sheet. A core suite of measurements has been collected at GEOSummit since 1993 and this project provides for the continued operation of GEOSummit as long-term site for year-round disciplinary and interdisciplinary measurements and research. The location provides a compliment to lower-elevation sites and a Northern Hemisphere analog to South Pole station. Measurements include baseline meteorology, radiation, tropospheric chemistry, snow properties and snow chemistry, some measurements in cooperation with NOAA-CMDL and measurements initiated by individual investigators. Measurements are aligned with the objectives of the World Meteorological Organization's Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) program. The atmospheric gas-phase and aerosol species being studied are all either sensitive indicators of anthropogenic impacts on regional and global atmospheric change, or are important chemically coupled species whose concentrations may be strongly influenced by changes in the Arctic, including changes in snow/ice surface temperatures, ice/snow cover, and atmospheric circulation. Related chemical measurements in the snow provide the needed link to investigate feedbacks between Arctic climate change, air-snow exchange, and atmospheric composition. Recent evidence indicates that important atmospheric chemical constituents undergo temperature-dependent exchange with ice/snow, and that some species are photochemically transformed and/or produced within the sunlit surface snowpack. Understanding arctic environmental change requires a quantitative understanding of the environmental controls (e.g., temperature, radiation, humidity, ozone concentration) on air-snow feedbacks, as well as the impact of these processes on the entire Arctic atmosphere. Because changes in Arctic atmospheric circulation are cyclic over 4-5 year or longer times, long-duration measurements are needed to understand circulation and to place observed changes in a long-term perspective. Data and results will be shared via the National Snow and Ice Data Center data archive