ACT/SGER: "ON-THE-FLY" Materials Modification During Laser Direct-Write Deposition of Micro Power Sources

该项目题为“在飞行中”材料改性过程中的激光直写沉积的微功率源地址的创新方法，以快速处理和优化材料的微功率源。在国家安全应用中存在对小型化电源的公认需求，以为无法由商业上可获得的电池或燃料电池供电的低可观察性和小型自主设备提供集成能量。然而，目前可用于生产这种小功率源的技术需要二次处理，例如高温或高压，这可能对许多微型器件中使用的敏感材料有害。 在这个项目中，激光与微电池材料相互作用，因为它飞向基板，从而修改其属性，并减少二次加工的需要。 研究基本材料响应，以了解和控制结构和电化学性能。这项研究不仅增强了对激光与材料相互作用的基本理解，而且可能会彻底改变激光加工在小型电化学器件中的应用。 在化学，物理，工程和材料科学方面具有不同兴趣和背景的学生都将通过这种真正的跨学科激光技术参与和教育。 所获得的结果将被传播，为各种学科的研究人员提供重要的新机会和微器件开发技术。用于微功率源的材料的处理和优化的创新方法对于用于诸如远程天气传感、可植入微器件或生物分析微器件的应用的器件制造具有高度兴趣。 激光直写方法正在被开发并用于在环境条件下在各种衬底上存款微电池和微型超级电容器材料的图案。 入射激光以及二次激光照射的影响进行了研究和开发，以修改材料的“上飞”（OTF）在沉积过程中。 例如，在本项目中，含水氧化钌油墨将通过不同的入射激光能量和持续时间以及二次激光照射进行转移。 激光与多相材料的移动液滴相互作用的基本问题，探讨通过沉积膜的结构和电化学表征。 通过消除预处理和后处理的需要，衬底保持在环境温度下，从而能够使用新型低温衬底，例如柔性塑料或生物平台进行设备开发。 OTF处理具有快速原型化独特结构和化学的潜力，可以改变微功率和微传感器开发领域。 这项研究的跨学科性质涉及化学，物理，工程和材料科学，并在这种新的基于激光的技术中教育具有不同兴趣和背景的学生。 所获得的结果将被传播，为各种学科的研究人员提供重要的新机会和微器件开发技术。该项目由多学科活动办公室和数学和物理科学理事会材料研究司联合支持。

This project entitled "ON-THE-FLY" MATERIALS MODIFICATION DURING LASER DIRECT-WRITE DEPOSITION OF MICROPOWER SOURCES addresses innovative approachs to the rapid processing and optimization of materials for micropower sources. A recognized need for miniaturized power sources exists in national security applications to provide integrated energy for low observable and small autonomous devices that cannot be powered by commercially available batteries or fuel cells. However, the techniques currently available to produce such small power sources require secondary processing such as high temperatures or pressures that can be detrimental to the sensitive materials used in many microdevices. In this project, a laser interacts with the microbattery material as it flies toward the substrate thus modifying its properties and reducing the need for secondary processing. The fundamental material response is studied in order to understand and control the structural and electrochemical properties. This study not only enhances the basic understanding of laser-material interactions, but also may revolutionize the use of laser processing for small electrochemical devices. Students with diverse interests and backgrounds in chemistry, physics, engineering and materials science will all be involved and educated through this truly interdisciplinary laser-based technique. The results obtained will be disseminated to provide researchers in a variety of disciplines with important new opportunities and techniques for microdevice development.%%%Innovative approaches to the processing and optimization of materials for micropower sources is of high interest for device fabrication for applications such as remote weather sensing, implantable microdevices, or bio-analytical microdevices. Laser direct-write methods are being developed and used to deposit patterns of microbattery and micro-ultracapacitor materials on various substrates under ambient conditions. The influence of the incident laser as well as secondary laser irradiation is studied and exploited in order to modify the material "on the fly" (OTF) during deposition. For example, in this project, hydrous ruthenium oxide ink will be transferred with varying incident laser energy and duration as well as secondary laser irradiation. The fundamental issues of laser interactions with the moving droplets of multiphase material are probed through structural and electrochemical characterization on the deposited films. By removing the need for pre- and post- processing, the substrates remain at ambient temperatures thereby enabling the use of novel low-temperature substrates such as flexible plastics or biological platforms for device development. OTF processing has the potential to rapidly prototype unique structures and chemistries that can transform the field of micropower and micro-sensor development. The interdisciplinary nature of this study involves chemistry, physics, engineering, and materials science and educates students with diverse interests and backgrounds in this new laser-based technique. The results obtained will be disseminated to provide researchers in a variety of disciplines with important new opportunities and techniques for microdevice development. This project is supported jointly by the Office of Multidisciplinary Activities and the Division of Materials Research, Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences.