Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Economic Development of a Specialized Coastal Community at Chengue, the Tairona Area, Colombia

在罗伯特·D·德里南博士的监督下，亚历杭德罗·迪弗将在哥伦比亚加勒比海沿岸泰罗纳国家自然和考古公园的泰罗纳遗址承尤进行地面调查和试掘。该地区最早的村庄出现在公元300年左右。公元600年至公元800年之间非常快速的社会经济增长导致了内华达山脉(该地区的主要山脉)陡峭山坡的殖民，在考古上相当于一个引爆点。城岳之所以引人注目，是因为它是首批形成的村庄之一，其经济很可能是基于一种专门的生产方式。有趣的是，有证据表明，它形成于公元600年至公元800年之间的一个非常快速的发展时期。城岳的考古遗迹尚未得到详细研究，但表面观察和遗骸收集表明，当时约有100户人家。最引人注目的遗迹包括石屋地基、水库和小型公共建筑，包括小型石质防御工事和铺设的道路。这项研究项目侧重于这个大型考古村庄中的单个家庭，并试图解释为什么会发生非常快的社会经济变化。如果不记录个别家庭及其社区的日常需要和选择如何促进和影响这些进程，就无法理解经济专业化、贸易、城市化和社会不平等等一般人类学进程。该项目从家庭的角度考察城岳社区，重点比较整个社区中个别家庭进行的活动模式。这应该会导致对这个村庄形成期间占主导地位的社会机制的理解。这一重建试图确定像成月这样的村庄是否是由个别家庭组成的，这些家庭殖民了从农业角度来看不太有利的地区，在这种情况下，是为了开发高度本地化的盐分和海洋资源。另一种假设是，城岳是一个更大的酋长王国的“殖民地”，他们试图控制咸鱼的生产，以扩大居住在其他地方的酋长的地位。这一替代方案表明，这个社会在600-800年间的快速增长是在制度化的政治制度而不是单个企业家家庭的基础上取得的，并主要是由这些政治制度造成的。该项目将产生几个更广泛的影响。这将是博士生培训中的一个基本要素。它还将通过与参与建造泰罗纳国家博物馆的人类学家和博物馆学家合作，促进提高公众对科学的了解程度。该博物馆是哥伦比亚政府资助的企业，将于2004年底开工。该项目将向博物馆提供泰罗纳家庭和社区生活的信息；还将向普通公众进行演讲。

Under the supervision of Dr. Robert D. Drennan, Alejandro Dever will carry out surface survey and test excavations at the Tairona site of Chengue in the Tairona National Natural and Archaeological Park on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. The earliest villages in the region appeared ca. 300 A.D. Very fast socio-economic growth between 600- 800 A.D.led to the colonization of the Sierra Nevada's (the dominant mountain range in the region) steep slopes in the archaeological equivalent of a flashpoint. Chengue is notable because it was among the first village to be formed with an economy that was most likely based on a specialized mode of production. It is also interesting because there is evidence that it was formed during a very fast developmental period between 600 and 800 A.D. The archaeological remains at Chengue have not been studied in detail, but superficial observations and collection of remains suggest that approximately 100 households were present. The most noticeable remains consist of stone house foundations, water reservoirs and small scale public architecture including small stone fortifications and paved roads. This research project focuses on the individual households within this large archaeological village and attempts to explain why very fast socio-economic changes occured. General anthropological processes such as economic specialization, trade, urbanization and social inequality cannot be understood without documenting how the everyday needs and choices of individual families and their communities contribute to and are affected by such processes. This project examines the community of Chengue from a household perspective, focusing on comparing the patterns of activities performed by individual households throughout the community. This should lead to an understanding of the social mechanisms that were dominant during the formation of this village. This reconstruction seeks to determine if villages such as Chengue were formed by individual families colonizing zones that were less advantageous from an agricultural point of view, in this case to exploit highly localized salt and marine resources. An alternative hypothesis is that Chengue is a the "colony" of a larger chiefdom that sought to control the salted fish production for the purpose of aggrandizing chiefs residing elsewhere. This alternative would suggest that the very fast growth of this society during the 600- 800 period was preceded and caused primarily by institutionalized political systems not individual entrepreneurial families. The project will have several broader impacts.. It will be an essential element in the training of the doctoral candidate. It will also contribute to the enhancement of the level of public understanding of science by collaborating with anthropologists and museologists involved in the construction of a Tairona National Museum. This museum is a Colombian government sponsored enterprise that will commence in late 2004. The project will provide information about the domestic and community life of the Tairona to the museum; talks will also be given to the general public.