HSD SGER: Indian Ocean Tsunamis - Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts on the Malay-Thai Peninsula

智力优势：一个由13名科学家和社会科学家组成的多国小组，其中包括来自受灾国家的几名成员，已经聚集在一起，以更好地了解2004年12月26日印度洋海啸的原因和后果。该小组将使用一套来自科学、工程和社会科学的研究方法，收集关于海啸洪水在马来-泰国半岛沿岸沿着不同受影响地区的高度、速度、范围和影响的数据。该小组将进行访谈和焦点小组，以获得更多关于海啸特征和前兆的信息，从“目击者访谈”中获得“警告信号”，以及灾后变化，如破坏清理。社会科学实地调查有一系列核心研究问题，重点是生计影响以及不同群体和人口的地方和机构反应模式。社会科学家将评估海啸对人类行动、公共服务和通信的影响，以及应对计划的有效性。他们将通过提供在访谈中获得的口述历史记录，为物理科学部分作出贡献。2004年海啸提供了获得独特和易失效数据的机会，可据此构建和解释该地区最近一段时间的环境变化轨迹，并评估未来风险。地球物理科学信息将辅之以访谈，利用重点小组和对关键信息提供者的个案研究，如村领导、教师和社区退休地方官员，以及小组环境绘图和环境时间表。这些将提供关于环境随时间变化的性质的观点，并将通过审查关于环境状况的档案资料予以补充。有关当前和过去环境变化的信息将有助于评估对当地人民生计状况的影响，并更好地了解他们如何应对灾难性环境变化所带来的挑战和可能带来的机遇。该项目将进一步促进一支强大、经验丰富、国际化和多学科研究团队的发展，该团队将能够在该项目成果的基础上，对该地区进行更长期、更深入的研究。更广泛的影响：该研究将记录和分析2004年海啸的科学和社会科学方面，以更好地了解马来-泰国沿着地震活动的影响。了解影响环境变化轨迹的各种因素是了解和预测未来趋势的一个关键组成部分。该项目最终将帮助人们和组织更好地管理深刻或快速的变化。通过这一项目积累的自然和社会数据将有助于改进海啸数字模型，并制作地图，供当地规划人员用作重建住区、旅馆和基础设施的规划工具。这些地图可以用来规划更好的疏散路线和拯救生命。证明土著社区对灾害影响的复原力更强的证据将包含一些经验教训，可协助规划人员减轻与今后海啸事件有关的风险。自然和社会经济力量和结果的巧合在马来-泰国半岛西海岸的环境中是显而易见的。在这里，不断恶化的环境不仅影响了该地区的保护价值，而且也破坏了其经济价值。这项研究超越了通常的环境或社会科学研究的综合，将刺激人类行动和发展以及组织，文化和社会适应灾难性事件的知识突破。这项研究将涉及来自所有国家的几名本科生和研究生与我们团队的所有成员合作。让这些学生有机会从事动手科学和社会研究是至关重要的，他们的发展作为下一代的研究人员/教育工作者。该提案是合理的探索性研究的小额赠款，因为该小组必须能够立即开始实地工作，以收集印度洋海啸的独特，可用和可访问，但易腐烂的物理和社会数据，由于沉积后的变化和褪色的记忆，这些数据正在迅速丢失。该团队希望自然科学和社会科学的协同作用将促进人类和社会动力学计划的快速创新进展。 这项研究由人类和社会动力学（HSD）优先领域，国际科学与工程办公室（OISE）和地震工程模拟网络（NEES）计划共同支持。

Intellectual Merit: A multinational team consisting of thirteen scientists and social scientists, including several members from the affected countries, has been assembled to better understand the causes and ramifications of Indian Ocean Tsunami of December 26, 2004. The team will use a suite of research methods drawn from science, engineering, and social science to collect data on height, velocity, extent and affects of the tsunami flood at differentially affected stretches of the coastline along the Malay-Thai Peninsula. The team will conduct interviews and focus groups to obtain further information on the tsunami characteristics and precursor 'warning signs' from 'eye witness interviews', and post-event changes such as damage clean-up. The social science field survey has a series of core research questions focusing on livelihood impacts and patterns of local and institutional response by different groups and populations. The social scientists will assess the impact of the tsunami on human actions, public services and communication, as well as the effectiveness of the response plans. They will contribute to the physical science component through the provision of oral historical accounts obtained during interviews. The 2004 tsunami provides access to unique and perishable data, with which to construct and interpret trajectories of environmental change in the area over the recent past, and assess future risk. The geophysical scientific information will be complemented by interviews, using focus groups and case studies with key informants, such as village leaders, teachers and retired local officials in the communities, and group environmental mapping and environmental timelines. These will provide viewpoints on the nature of environmental change over time, which will be augmented by a review of archival information on the state of the environment. Information concerning present and past environmental change will enable an assessment of the implications for the status of local people's livelihoods and a better understanding of how they respond to the challenges and, possibly, opportunities offered by catastrophic environmental change. This project will further catalyze the development of a strong, experienced, international and multi-disciplinary research team that will be able to build on the results of this project with longer-term and more in-depth studies in the region.Broader Impacts: This research will document and analyze the scientific and social scientific aspects of the 2004 tsunami to better understand the impacts of seismicity along the Malay-Thai Peninsula. Knowledge of the factors influencing the trajectory of environmental change is a critical component in understanding and predicting future trends. This project will ultimately help people and organizations better manage profound or rapid change. The physical and social data accumulated through this project will help to improve numerical tsunami models, and produce maps that local planners can use as a planning tool in rebuilding settlements, hotels and infrastructure. These same maps can be used to plan better evacuation routes and to save lives. Evidence that indigenous communities proved more resilient to the effects of the disaster will contain lessons that can assist planners in mitigating risks associated with future tsunami events. The coincidence of natural and socio-economic forces and outcomes is evident in the environment of the west coast of the Malay-Thai Peninsula. Here, a deteriorating environment not only affects the conservation value of the area but is also undermining its economic value. This study goes beyond the usual synthesis of either environmental or social scientific studies and will stimulate breakthroughs in knowledge about human action and development as well as organizational, cultural, and societal adaptation to catastrophic events. The research will involve several undergraduate and graduate students from all countries working collaboratively with all members of our team. The opportunity for these students to engage in hands-on scientific and social research is critical to their development as the next generation of researchers/educators. The proposal is justified as a Small Grant for Exploratory Research because it is imperative that the team is able to begin fieldwork immediately to collect the unique, available and accessible, but perishable, physical and social data from the Indian Ocean tsunami, which is being rapidly lost due to post-depositional change and the fading memories. The team hopes that the synergy of the natural and social science will catalyze rapid and innovative advances in the Human and Social Dynamics program. This research is supported jointly by the Human and Social Dynamics (HSD) priority area, the Office of International Science and Engineering (OISE), and the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) Program.