Dispersion and Optical Drag Effects in Rotating Semiconductor Ring Lasers

0524509 osinskinarrative总结。应用标准的理论方法对环形激光器并不能给出一个明确的定量答案，在具有大量色散的介质中（如在半导体材料中）Sagnac效应的大小。一般来说，介质的影响是通过菲涅尔-菲索公式给出的折射率和阻力系数来考虑的。在大多数激光陀螺中，环的有效介质的物质色散可以忽略不计。相反，在基于半导体介质的紧凑单片集成陀螺仪中，色散效应预计是实质性的。阻力系数问题的实质是它对旋转运动的可疑修正。菲涅耳-洛伦兹处理中的阻力系数包含与色散相关的贡献lnn/lnl。在气体或固态介质中，它对可观测到的光学拖拽有很小的修正。在半导体中，色散项lnn/lnl足够大，不仅影响大小，甚至影响净阻力效应的符号。然而，当这一项包含在环形激光的建模中时，陀螺仪响应对平移运动变得敏感，这与爱因斯坦的相对性原理相矛盾。这个问题最早是由E. Post在1967年注意到的，他为了符合相对性原理，有些武断地把色散项从阻力系数中排除了。到目前为止，还没有人尝试对Post的方法进行实验验证。最近，PI已经成功地开发了具有较大（~ 1cm）腔体的单片集成半导体环形激光器（SRLs），并能够观察到来自独立激光器的模式跳动光谱。这为实验研究色散项对萨格纳克效应的贡献提供了可能。将进行实验以精确测定SRLs中的陀螺仪系数，并将结果与各种理论预测进行比较。如果没有这些测试，就不能可靠地计算基本陀螺仪比（sagnaca相关频率分裂与角旋转速率的比率）。智力标准。尽管他们有希望的紧凑性和低功耗，srl尚未用于陀螺应用，主要是由于以前的设计缺陷。该项目将为SRLs旋转传感问题的最终阐述提供科学基础：如何避免频率锁定，提高陀螺因子，排除多余的噪声，以及应用慢/快光概念等新方法。Osinski教授领导的新墨西哥大学（UNM）团队在半导体环形激光器的物理和技术方面拥有最好的经验和大量的成果。提出的工作有望克服集成光电器件的当前限制。这些结果对于旋转运动（非惯性系和系统）的基础物理学以及旋转传感器和导航陀螺仪的应用物理学都是重要的。这个项目的结果有望导致基于慢/快光的新一代旋转传感器。更广泛的影响准则。在单片集成srl中首次展示Sagnac效应，再加上对色散对效应大小的贡献的结论性研究，将为高性能、小尺寸、低成本的旋转传感器开辟新的机会，这些传感器具有广泛的新应用，从机器人和玩具工业到高精度导航级陀螺仪。新墨西哥大学致力于为少数民族和多元化社会提供卓越的研究和教育机会。新墨西哥大学是卡内基博士/研究-广泛和西班牙裔服务少数民族机构（主校区37.5%的学生是少数民族学生）。重点将放在教育和人力资源开发上，通过研究生和本科生参与项目，并将在项目中获得的新知识纳入与本提案主题直接相关的研究生课程。将努力使少数群体成员以及妇女参与这一项目。拟议中的项目将为学生创造一个有吸引力的环境，以新墨西哥大学现有的其他主要项目为支持，这些项目以少数民族学生为目标，致力于培养新一代的研究科学家和工程师。

0524509OsinskiNarrative Summary. Application of standard theoretical approach to ring lasers does not give a clear quantitative answer on the magnitude of the Sagnac effect in a medium with substantial dispersion (such as in semiconductor materials). Generally, the influence of the medium is accounted for through the refractive index and the drag coefficient ad given by the Fresnel-Fizeau formula. In most laser gyros, the active medium of the ring has negligible material dispersion. In contrast, dispersion effects are expected to be substantial in compact monolithically integrated gyros based on semiconductor media.The essence of the problem of the drag coefficient is its questionable modification for rotational motion. The drag coefficient in the Fresnel-Lorentz treatment contains a dispersion-related contribution lnn/lnl. In gas or solid-state media, it gives a very small correction to the observable optical dragging. In semiconductors, the dispersion term lnn/lnl is large enough to influence not only the magnitude, but even the sign of the net drag effect. However, when this term is included in modeling of the ring laser, the gyroscopic response becomes sensitive to translational motion, in contradiction with Einstein's relativity principle. The problem was first noted in 1967 by E. Post, who somewhat arbitrarily excluded the dispersion term from the drag coefficient in order to comply with the relativity principle. Until now, no experimental verification of Post's approach was attempted.Recently, the PI has succeeded in development of monolithically integrated semiconductor ring lasers (SRLs) with relatively large (~1 cm) cavity and were able to observe the mode beating spectra from independent lasers. This opens up a possibility to perform experimental investigation of the question about contribution of dispersion term into the Sagnac effect. Experiments will be performed for precise determination of the gyroscopic coefficient in SRLs and the results will be compared with various theoretical predictions. Without these tests, the fundamental gyroscopic ratio (the ratio of Sagnac-related frequency splitting to the angular rotation rate) cannot be reliably calculated.Intellectual Merit Criterion. In spite of their promising compactness and low power consumption, SRLs have not yet been used for gyro applications, primarily due to flaws in previous designs. This project will provide scientific base for ultimate elaboration of rotation sensing problem using SRLs: how to avoid the frequency lock-in, enhance the gyro-factor, exclude excess noise, and apply novel approaches such as slow/fast light concept.The University of New Mexico (UNM) group led by Prof. Osinski has the best experience and numerous results in physics and technology of semiconductor ring lasers. The proposed work holds promise of overcoming the current limitations for integrated optoelectronic devices. The results will be important for fundamental physics of rotational motion (non-inertial frames and systems) and also for applied physics of rotation sensors and navigation gyroscopes. The results from this project are expected to lead to a new generation of rotation sensors based on slow/fast light.Broader Impacts Criterion. First demonstration of Sagnac effect in monolithically integrated SRLs coupled with conclusive studies of dispersion contribution to the magnitude of the effect will open up new opportunities for high performance, small size, low cost rotation sensors with a wide range of novel applications, ranging from robotics and toy industry to high-accuracy navigation-grade gyros.UNM has a dual commitment to excellence in research and to education opportunities for minorities and diverse society. UNM is Carnegie Doctoral/Research - Extensive and Hispanic Serving Minority Institution (37.5% of main campus enrollment are minority students). Emphasis will be placed on education and human resource development via involvement of graduate and undergraduate students in the project, and incorporation of the new knowledge gained during this project into graduate-level courses directly related to the subject of this proposal. Efforts will be made to engage members of minority groups as well as women in this project. The proposed project will create an attractive environment for students supported by other major programs already in existence at UNM that target minority students and are devoted to training of a new generation of research scientists and engineers.