Collaborative Research: (DHB) - Modeling and Analyzing Individual and Collective Human Spatial Behavior

大量重要的人类活动需要导航或以其他方式使用物理空间。人类的空间行为，无论是个人还是集体，取决于环境的结构、环境的认知表征(心理地图)的结构和内容、个人和群体目标以及个人、群体和群体之间的互动。因此，需要综合考虑所有这些方面来研究人类的空间行为；要做到这一点，需要多学科的努力。这项拟议的研究将代表计算、心理学和数学的不同学科的研究人员团队聚集到一个综合计划中，该计划将解决人类对物理空间的个人和集体使用问题。这个项目的多学科努力使用认知科学、计算模型和集体行为的数学分析工具来研究人类空间行为的动力学。该项目的目标如下：1)了解个人如何在现实世界情况下形成复杂环境的认知地图，包括个人和群体与他人的丰富空间互动；2)研究认知地图如何影响高密度人群条件下群体的行为，并为行人动力学和紧急疏散模型开发认知基础；3)在空间任务中适应人类社会行为的微观(小尺度)和宏观(大尺度)模型之间建立数学联系。该研究计划将开发新的认知地图驱动模型，其中将包括个人从社会互动中获得的共享空间信息。这些模型将用于改进对个体和群体的模拟，并为集体空间行为动力学的数学分析提供基础。验证和评估将利用虚拟现实技术、对人群行为的计算机模拟以及人们在真实环境中的行为。通过与两个博物馆的伙伴关系，该小组将与现实世界的情况合作，这些情况与社会需求相关，包括设计紧急疏散系统，自动检测大空间和人群中的异常情况，以及开发复杂但人类友好的环境。将开发的强大预测模型的生成、验证和免费传播将允许公共空间的建筑师、规划者和开发商设计和/或修改公共场所，以优化其通航性和安全性。最后，一个全面的教育、外展和传播计划将服务于广泛的受众，包括研究生和本科生、市中心的K-12学生和教师，以及普通公众将伴随这项研究。

A great deal of important human activity requires navigating and otherwise using physical spaces. Human spatial behavior, individual and collective, depends on the structure of the environment, the structure and content of cognitive representations of the environment (mental maps), individual and group goals, and interactions among individuals, groups, and crowds. As a result, human spatial behavior needs to be studied by considering all these aspects together; to do this requires a multidisciplinary effort. The proposed research brings together a team of researchers representing diverse disciplines of computation, psychology, and mathematics into an integrated program that will address human individual and collective use of physical space. This project's multidisciplinary effort uses the tools of cognitive science, computational modeling, and mathematical analysis of collective behavior to study the dynamics of human spatial behavior. The project's goals are as follows: 1) To understand how individuals develop cognitive maps of complex environments in real-world situations that include rich spatial interactions with other people, individually and in groups; 2) To examine how cognitive maps influence the behavior of groups in high-density crowd conditions, and to develop the cognitive foundations for models of pedestrian dynamics and emergency evacuations; 3) To forge a mathematical link between microscopic (small scale) and macroscopic (large scale) models of adaptive human social behavior in spatial tasks. The research program will develop novel cognitive map-driven models that will include the shared spatial information that individual people derive from social interactions. The models will be used to improve simulations of individuals and crowds, and provide a basis for mathematical analysis of collective spatial behavior dynamics. Validation and evaluation will exploit virtual reality technology, computer simulations of crowd behavior, and people's behavior in real environments. Through partnerships with two museums, the team will be working with real-world situations whose relevance to societal needs includes the design of emergency evacuation systems, automated detection of anomalies in large spaces and crowds, and the development of complex but human-friendly environments. The generation, validation, and free dissemination of powerful predictive models that will be developed will allow architects, planners, and developers of public spaces to design and/or modify public venues so as to optimize their navigability and safety. Finally, a comprehensive program of education, outreach, and dissemination will serve a broad audience of graduate and undergraduate students, inner-city K-12 students and teachers, and the general public will accompany the research.