NEESR-GC: Seismic Risk Mitigation for Port Systems

建议没有。论文题目：NEESR-GC：港口系统地震风险降低研究摘要：地震对作为全球贸易关键资产的国家港口构成严重威胁。港口面临的地震风险问题是独一无二的，这是由于其基础设施的性质、长期规划的视野、利益相关者的多样性以及港口当局的角色。这个“大挑战”项目将工程、物流、风险分析和决策科学整合在一个减少地震风险的框架内，该框架使用港口系统的性能而不是其单个组件作为减轻地震风险决策的基础。这种系统级方法对于估计地震后直接和间接损失的全部范围至关重要。NEES项目提供了一种新颖的、综合的实验和数值模拟方法，以促进对港口典型的复杂地基-基础-结构系统的理解，从而开发针对地基-基础-结构系统所有部分的岩土和结构缓解方案。该研究项目考察了两种非常适合港口设施的创新土壤改良技术，并使用NEES@UTexas移动振动筛和NEES@UCDavis离心机评估了它们的性能。桩的强度、延性及其与上覆桥面的连接对桩支撑码头的抗震性能起着至关重要的作用。改进的桩配置和桩-甲板连接将在NEES@UIUC上进行全面测试。重点将放在“易于修复”的技术上，这些技术可以在地震发生后迅速、廉价地恢复使用。测试将在NEES@Buffalo进行，以研究创新的支撑系统，以减轻由于液化造成的大地面位移对起重机的损害。这些测试充分利用了NEES程序的潜力，采用混合数值和实验模拟。这些土-基础-结构体系的实验研究将用于建立和校准数值模型。一个重要的贡献是发展了土-桩和桩-甲板动力宏单元，这将填补土-结构相互作用问题的简化解和计算密集型数值解之间的空白。数值模拟将用于开发综合土壤-基础-结构系统的脆弱性关系，这些关系直接导致码头在地震后的运行能力，并有助于随后确定受损系统的修复要求。脆弱性关系将得到发展，以反映处理过的土壤的性能、改进的桩-甲板连接和改造的起重机，以便识别这些缓解方案对操作能力和修复要求的影响。了解风险缓解策略对港口功能的系统级影响是减少地震风险框架的关键组成部分。在给定组件中断的情况下，将开发用于实时操作优化的高级元启发式方法，为利益相关者提供决策支持。还将开发港口系统绩效指标的参数近似模型，该模型可直接纳入基于优化的风险缓解框架，为决策者提供信息。迄今为止，有关利益相关者参与和行为决策的正式研究在港口风险缓解方面的应用极为有限。港口、港口当局和运营的地震风险的性质为本项目提出的社会和决策科学研究提供了肥沃的土壤。该项目将以价值为中心的决策研究与利益相关者和专家如何感知和理解地震灾害和风险的研究相结合，进一步推动以价值为中心的决策研究。在此过程中，该项目将提供关于风险、价值观和机构关系的心理模型在地震和其他风险的判断和决策中的相对作用的新见解。该项目的更广泛影响包括实时决策支持模型的应用，以尽量减少恐怖主义行为对美国港口的影响。港口被认为是美国运输系统中最脆弱的组成部分之一。与自然灾害一样，恐怖主义行为也会破坏港口的部分或全部设施，从而降低港口的吞吐量。在这方面，这些决策支持模型的开发可以优化中断期间的吞吐量，有助于提高国土安全。教育、推广和培训计划促进了几个层次的教育，并解决了STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）领域代表性不足的学生的短缺问题。HBCU-REU合作项目将增加STEM领域中追求高级学位的代表性不足的学生人数；少数民族博士后奖学金将帮助搭建从研究生院到学术界的桥梁；工业奖学金计划将帮助技术转移到实践工程师。这些项目形成了从本科到专业教育的连续统一体，将对在STEM领域创造多样化的劳动力产生重大影响。

PROPOSAL NO.: 0530478PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Rix, GlennINSTITUTION NAME: Georgia Tech Research Corporation - GA Institute of TechnologyTITLE: NEESR-GC: Seismic Risk Mitigation for Port SystemsABSTRACT:NEESR-GC: SEISMIC RISK MITIGATION FOR PORT SYSTEMSEarthquakes pose a severe threat to the nation's seaports, which are critical assets in this era of global trade. The seismic risk issues ports face are unique due to the nature of their infrastructure, long-range planning horizon, diversity of stakeholders, and the roles of port authorities. This Grand Challenge project integrates engineering, logistics, risk analysis, and decision sciences within a seismic risk reduction framework that uses the performance of the port system rather than its individual components as the basis for seismic risk mitigation decisions. This systems-level approach is essential for estimating the full scope of direct and indirect losses following an earthquake. The NEES program enables a novel, integrated experimental and numerical simulation approach to advance understanding of the complex soil-foundation-structure systems that are typical of ports to develop geotechnical and structural mitigation alternatives targeted at all parts of the soil-foundation-structure system. The research program examines two innovative soil improvement techniques that are well suited to port facilities and evaluates their performance using the NEES@UTexas mobile shaker and the NEES@UCDavis centrifuge. The strength and ductility of piles and their connections to the overlying deck play a vital role in the seismic performance of pile-supported wharves. Improved pile configurations and pile-deck connections will be developed using full-scale tests at NEES@UIUC. Emphasis will beplaced on techniques that are "repair-friendly" and can quickly and inexpensively be returned to service following an earthquake. Tests will be performed at NEES@Buffalo to investigate innovative bracing systems to mitigate damage to cranes from large ground displacements due to liquefaction. These tests exploit the full potential of the NEES program by using hybrid numerical and experimental simulation. The experimental studies on these soil-foundation-structure systems will be used to develop and calibrate numerical models. An important contribution is the development of soil-pile and pile-deck dynamic macroelements that will fill the existing gap between simplified solutions and computationally intensive numerical solutions for soil-structure interaction problems. Numerical simulations will be used to develop fragility relationships for the integrated soil-foundation-structure system that lead directly to the operational capacity of the wharf following an earthquake and facilitate the subsequent determination of repair requirements for the damaged system. Fragility relationships will be developed that reflect the performance of treated soils, improved pile-deck connections, and retrofitted cranes so that the effects ofthese mitigation alternatives on the operational capacity and repair requirements can be discerned.Understanding system-level impacts of risk mitigation strategies on the functionality of a port is a crucial component of the seismic risk reduction framework. Advanced meta-heuristics for real-time operations optimization given component disruptions will be developed to provide decision support to stakeholders. Parametric approximation models of port system performance measures that can be incorporated directly into an optimization-based risk mitigation framework to inform decision makers will also be developed. Application of formal research on stakeholder participation and behavioral decision making to risk mitigation at ports has been extremely limited to date. The nature of seismic risk in ports and port authorities and operations make them fertile ground for the social and decision sciences research proposed in this project. The project furthers value-focused decision research by integrating it with research on how stakeholders and experts perceive and understand seismic hazards and risks. In doing so, the project will provide new insights on the relative roles of mental models of risks, values, and institutional affiliations in judgment and decision making about seismic and other risks. The broader impacts of this project include the application of the real-time decision support models to minimize the impact of an act of terrorism at a U.S. port. Ports are thought to be one of the most vulnerable components of the nation's transportation system. Like natural hazards, acts of terrorism reduce the throughput capacity of the port by damaging some or all of a port's facilities. In this respect, the development of these decision support models that optimize throughput capacity during periods of disruption can contribute to increased homeland security. The education, outreach, and training program promotes education at several levels and addresses the dearth of under-represented students in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. A collaborative HBCU-REU program will increase the number of under-represented students in the STEM areas that pursue advanced degrees; Minority Postdoctoral Fellowships will help bridge the link from graduate school to academia; and an Industrial Fellowship Program will aid in technology transfer to practicing engineers. These programs form a continuum from undergraduate through professional education and will make a significant impact on creating a diverse workforce in the STEM areas.