SGER: Scientific Rotoscoping: A Morphology-Based Method of 3-D Motion Analysis and Visualization

科学旋转描记：一种基于形态学的三维运动分析和可视化方法。对运动的分析是生物学研究的许多领域的核心。 使用基于点的跟踪系统已经取得了巨大的进展，该系统计算附着在人或动物主体上的标记的三维（3-D）坐标。 然而，内部结构（如骨骼）的详细运动往往超出了这些表面技术的范围。 例如，飞行中的鸟的肩部复杂而快速的运动不适合基于点的运动分析，但对于理解飞行的生物力学至关重要。SGER项目的目标是展示“科学旋转镜”的力量，这是一种有前途的动物运动可视化和分析新方法。 科学旋转显微镜是一种基于形态学的技术，涉及将受试者实际解剖结构的CT扫描创建的3D计算机模型（“钥匙”）拟合成三个同时记录的视频图像（“锁”）。 作为一个概念验证，科学的rotoscoping将被用来收集骨骼和翅膀羽毛的运动从视频中的鸽子在风洞中飞行。 结果将在飞行速度之间和飞行速度内进行分析，以提供对鸟类飞行控制的基本见解，并将立即应用于鸟类的空气动力学，生物力学，生理学，古生物学和进化研究。科学旋转观测需要现有数字化工具（视频、荧光透视、计算机断层扫描、3D动画软件）的创新集成。 这项新技术将产生高分辨率的运动数据和科学上准确的动画，这是任何其他手段都无法获得的，但被认为对完整的提案来说风险太大。 SGER基金是验证基于形态学方法的科学和教育潜力的理想方式。

SGER: Scientific Rotoscoping: A Morphology-Based Method of3-D Motion Analysis and VisualizationStephen M. GatesyBrown UniversityThe analysis of movement is central to many fields of biological research. Tremendous progress has been made using point-based tracking systems, which calculate the three-dimensional (3-D) coordinates of markers attached to a human or animal subject. However, the detailed motion of internal structures such as bones is often beyond the reach of these superficial techniques. The complex and extremely rapid movements at the shoulder of a flying bird, for example, are not amenable to point-based motion analysis, yet are critical to understanding the biomechanics of flight.The goal of this SGER project is to demonstrate the power of 'Scientific Rotoscoping,' a promising new method for visualization and analysis of animal motion. Scientific rotoscoping is a morphology-based technique that involves fitting a 3-D computer model created from CT scans of a subject's actual anatomy (the 'key') into three, simultaneously recorded, video images (the 'lock'). As a proof-of-concept, scientific rotoscoping will be employed to collect skeletal and wing feather movement from videos of a pigeon flying in a wind tunnel. Results will be analyzed among and within flight speeds to provide fundamental insights into the control of avian flight, and will have immediate application to aerodynamic, biomechanical, physiological, paleontological, and evolutionary studies of birds. Scientific rotoscoping entails the innovative integration of existing digital tools (video, fluoroscopy, computed tomography, 3-D animation software). This novel technique will yield high-resolution motion data and scientifically accurate animations unobtainable by any other means, but has been considered too risky for a full proposal. SGER funds are an ideal way to validate the scientific and educational potential of a morphology-based approach.