SGER: Disaster Preparedness and the Use of the Incident Command System for Responding to Hurricane Katrina

最近建立的国家事故管理系统(NIMS)要求地方、州和联邦组织在灾难响应期间使用事故指挥系统(ICS)。30多年前首次由消防员开发和使用的ICS，现在许多人认为ICS是管理灾难的黄金标准。尽管消防部门和其他应急机构使用ICS的历史悠久，但这将是已知的对ICS的第一次科学分析。为了收集有关官员如何利用ICS应对卡特里娜飓风的数据，俄克拉荷马州立大学灾害和极端事件研究中心的研究人员将采访参与应对卡特里娜飓风的灾害管理人员，并获得相关文件。这项研究着眼于ICS在卡特里娜飓风期间和之后的运作情况。我们将通过借鉴灾害管理人员使用ICS的看法，并将ICS文件中的有效性正式标准与实际行为进行比较，来确定ICS在卡特里娜飓风期间的有效性。对ICS的第一次科学考察应该至少提供两个关键结果。首先，我们将确定ICS和更广泛的NIMS需要哪些改进，如果有的话。其次，我们将提供组织如何在动荡和不可预测的情况下更有效地做出反应的见解。

ABSTRACTThe recently established National Incident Management System (NIMS) mandates the use of the Incident Command System (ICS) for local, state and federal organizations during disaster response. First developed and used by firefighters over thirty years ago, many now consider ICS as the gold standard for managing disasters. Despite the long history of fire departments and other emergency response agencies using ICS, this will be the first known scientific analysis of ICS. In order to gather data on how officials used ICS for responding to Hurricane Katrina, researchers from the Center for the Study of Disasters and Extreme Events at Oklahoma State University will interview disaster managers involved with the response to Hurricane Katrina and obtain relevant documents. This study looks at how well ICS operated during and following Hurricane Katrina. We will determine the effectiveness of ICS during Hurricane Katrina by drawing upon the perceptions of disaster managers using ICS, and comparing the formal standards of effectiveness within ICS documents to actual behavior. This first scientific look at ICS should provide at least two crucial outcomes. First, we will establish what improvements, if any, are needed with ICS and more broadly with NIMS. Second, we will provide insight how organizations can respond more effectively during turbulent and unpredictable situations.