Monoamine secretion and synaptic modulation during olfactory conditioning in Drosophila

生物胺在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物物种的行为（如攻击、动机或学习）的协调和调节中起着关键作用。在联想记忆形成的背景下，生物胺多巴胺（DA）和章鱼胺（OA）-无脊椎动物去甲肾上腺素的直系同源物-是极其重要的，因为它们扮演着相当复杂的角色：一方面，DA和OA直接参与记忆的形成，因为它们介导对动物的奖励或惩罚情况。另一方面，DA和OA参与控制动物的动机状态，从而间接控制给定的记忆是否获得对行为的控制。这些直接和间接的DA/OA信号对学习记忆的影响挑战功能分析。在这里，我们建议使用成熟的果蝇气味学习范式来剖析离散的DA或OA受体（分别为DA-R和OA-R）在记忆形成和行为控制中的作用。为此，我们将开发遗传工具，以（i）通过高分辨率STED显微镜分析苍蝇大脑内不同受体的解剖组织，（ii）使用组织特异性功能丧失技术来研究它们在记忆形成和行为表达中的作用，这些记忆形成和行为表达在公认的气味中起作用。在FOR中，我们将与史蒂文森团队紧密合作，为板球系统提供高分辨率的STED显微镜，与Brembs小组合作，为果蝇行为分析提供遗传工具;与Eisenhartt小组合作，提供抗体专业知识，生成针对果蝇bruchpilot基因的蜜蜂同源物的抗体。

Biogenic amines play a pivotal role in orchestration and modulation of behaviors, such as aggression, motivation or learning, in vertebrate and invertebrate species. Within the context of associative memory formation the biogenic amines dopamine (DA) and octopamine (OA) - the invertebrate orthologe to noradrenaline - are of extreme importance as they play a rather complex role: On the one hand, DA and OA are directly involved in memory formation as they mediate rewarding or punishing situations to the animal. On the other hand, DA and OA are involved in control of the animal´s motivational status and thus indirectly control whether a given memory gaines control over behavior. These direct and indirect implications of DA/OA signaling on learning & memory challenge functional analyses.Here we propose to use the well established Drosophila odor learning paradigm to dissect the role of discrete DA or OA receptors (DA-R and OA-R, respectively) on memory formation and behavioral control. To that end we will develop genetic tools to (i) analyze the anatomical organization of distinct receptors within the flies brain by high-resolution STED microscopy and (ii) use tissue specific loss-of-function techniques to investigate their role in memory formation and behavioral expression within the well established odor-learning paradigm.Within the FOR we will tightly collaborate with the group of Stevenson by providing highresolution STED microscopy to the cricket system, with the group of Brembs by providing genetic tools for behavioral analyses in fruit flies and with the group of Eisenhardt by providing antibody expertise to generate antibodies against the bee homologue of the flies bruchpilot gene.