Bars and their Impact on Galaxy Evolution over the Last Eight Billion Years

新的证据表明，自红移z~1以来的80亿年里，盘状星系经历了一个由小型合并、潮汐诱导的棒状结构和自发诱导的棒状结构驱动的更安静的演化。事实上，最近的研究已经证明了z ~ 1范围内柱的丰度。从GEMS（星系形态演化和光谱能量分布）调查中提取的数千个星系将组成一个大型数据库，结合光学（哈勃太空望远镜，HST），红外（斯皮策太空望远镜）和x射线（钱德拉x射线天文台）数据。该计划预计将提供关于棒材寿命、棒材性质分布、棒材对结构性质（凸起和中心质量浓度）、环核恒星形成和宿主星系中心活动的影响的新结果。该项目将为未来阿塔卡马大型毫米波阵列（ALMA）的后续工作提供参考基准，因为它的目标是HST/斯皮策/钱德拉扩展深空南的星系，这是ALMA科学的一个关键遗产领域。通过一项名为“为高中生搭建桥梁”的外展计划，该项目将通过研讨会、课堂、网络资源和视频会议，为高中生提供学习天文学和研究的机会。它将影响德克萨斯州数百名教师和大约21,500名高中生。许多受影响的人是少数民族，尤其是不断增长的西班牙裔人口。

Fresh evidence suggests that, over last eight billion years since redshift z~1, disk galaxies underwent a more quiescent evolution that was driven by minor mergers, tidally induced bar structures, and spontaneously induced bars. Recent studies have in fact demonstrated the abundance of bars out to z ~ 1. Thousands of galaxies drawn from the GEMS (Galaxy Evolution from Morphology and SEDs [Spectral Energy Distributions]) survey will make a large database, combining optical (Hubble Space Telescope, HST), infrared (Spitzer Space Telescope) and X-ray (Chandra X-Ray Observatory) data. The program is anticipated to deliver new results on the bar lifetime, the distribution of bar properties, and the impacts of bars on the structural properties (bulges and central mass concentrations), circumnuclear star formation, and central activity of their host galaxies. The program will provide a reference baseline for follow-up with the future Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), since it targets galaxies in the HST/Spitzer/Chandra Extended Deep Field South, a key legacy field for ALMA science.Through an outreach program named "Building a Bridge to High School Students", this project will provide opportunities for high-school students to learn about astronomy and research in workshops, in the classroom, via web-based resources, and via video conferences. It will influence hundreds of teachers and an estimated 21,500 high school students located all over Texas. Many of those impacted are minorities, particularly the growing Hispanic population.