Pollination of strawberries and biological pest control on different spatial scales, from crop varieties and fields to landscapes

授粉和害虫生物防治是大自然提供的重要生态系统服务。由于当地和景观尺度上的农业集约化，这些物种正濒临灭绝。在本研究中，我们将首次分析授粉与害虫生物防治的结合及其对草莓产量和品质的影响，并比较不同空间尺度（植物、田间、景观）的试验，以评价影响因素的相对重要性。我们将以Göttingen大学的试验田为基础，分析花粉多样性（参与授粉的品种多样性）对草莓产量（重量）、贸易质量、成分和味道的影响。此外，还将评估不同传粉方式（自传粉、风传粉和昆虫传粉）的影响。进一步的实验将在商业草莓田进行。我们将比较不同传粉者种类和行会对草莓花的行为，分析传粉者、害虫和天敌多样性对景观构成的依赖，最后分析其对草莓产量的影响。我们还将利用实验暴露的筑巢地点（陷阱巢）增加独居蜜蜂的数量，并检查对草莓产量的潜在影响。提高草莓田蜜蜂的丰度和多样性，采用不同的栽培品种，可以提高受体植株的花粉多样性，提高产量和果实品质。

Pollination and biological pest control are important ecosystem services provided by nature. These are endangered due to the increasing agricultural intensification on local and landscapes scales. In the current study we will analyse, for the first time, the combination of pollination and biological pest control and their influence on strawberry yield and quality, comparing experiments on different spatial scales (plant, field, landscape) to value the relative importance of influencing factors. We will analyse the effects of pollen diversity (diversity of cultivars that participate in pollination) on yield (weight), trade quality, ingredients and taste of strawberries based on an experimental field at the University of Göttingen. In addition, the influence of different pollination modes (self, wind and insect pollination) will be assessed. Further experiments will take place on commercial strawberry fields. We will compare the behaviour of different pollinator species and guilds on strawberry flowers and analyse the dependence of pollinator, pest and natural enemy diversity on landscape composition and lastly, its influence on strawberry yield. We will also increase the population of solitary bees using experimentally exposed nesting sites (trap nests) and examine the potential influence on strawberry yield. Increasing bee abundance and diversity on strawberry fields and using different cultivars may cause higher pollen diversity on acceptor plants, increasing yield and fruit quality.