NIRT: Nanometer Stoichiometric Particle Compound Solutions and Control of their Self-Assembly into the Condensed Phase

国家科学基金会-活性纳米结构和纳米系统(ANN)(NSF 05-610)纳米级跨学科研究小组(NIRT)建议编号：0609318主要研究员：Sorenson，Christopher M.从属关系：堪萨斯州立大学建议标题：NIRT：纳米化学计量粒子化合物溶液及其自组装成凝聚相的控制本提案是对NSF 05-610类纳米科学与工程倡议的响应。其目标是创造一种新的纳米“化学计量颗粒化合物”家族，或者也可以被称为所有相同大小的纳米颗粒，并将它们的活性组装控制为凝聚相。要做到这一点，需要了解和控制溶液相和界面性质。了解颗粒自组装以产生二维和三维超晶格、薄膜和凝胶也是必要的。为了实现这一目标，一系列纳米材料将被大量合成，并将被“纳米加工”(消化成熟)到分子化学计量比，并用选定的表面配体稳定。选择配体是因为它们的疏水性或亲水性，它们形成有序单分子膜的能力，以及与邻居氢键和/或交错的能力。通过这种方式，将控制溶液的相行为、聚集、结晶以形成超晶格，并组装成各种结构。溶液的物理化学、它们的相图、界面现象和向其他相的转变是非常清楚的。此外，关于胶体相稳定性以及当胶体不稳定时会发生什么，人们已经知道了很多。所研究的新型纳米化学计量颗粒化合物介于溶液和胶体之间，其相行为、界面现象、向其他相的转变以及可控组装还没有从实验或理论上进行探索。这项研究将试图纠正这种缺乏实验数据和理解的情况，从而用一个通用的描述来约束所有这些系统。最近开发的超分子构建技术将扩展到粒子的组装，而不是分子的组装。我们的想法是将这些大小和组成几乎一致的纳米颗粒视为化学计量化合物，其行为可能以某种新的方式类似于“正常”的原子和分子系统。创造基于单一尺寸纳米粒子的材料，而不是主动组装成超晶格、薄膜、凝胶和超分子实体的原子和分子，将产生一种全新的材料类别，它可以用来重建或重新创造我们所有的现代奇迹。化学计量颗粒化合物可以产生一个以颗粒为基础的世界。因此，从广泛的角度来看，这是一种尝试，试图开发并使用三维元素周期表的概念，其中大小是第三维。PIS将开发一套简化的课程选项，让我们的学生在不显著增加培训经验的情况下，实现物理、化学、材料科学和工程的广泛培训。该计划将通过最近建立的非常成功的夏季研讨会系列向青少年妇女介绍纳米科学和技术。PIs将包括全年研究的本科生。

National Science Foundation - Active Nanostructure and Nanosystems (ANN) (NSF 05-610)Nanoscale Interdisciplinary Research Teams (NIRT)ABSTRACTProposal Number: 0609318Principal Investigator: Sorenson, Christopher M.Affiliation: Kansas State UniversityProposal Title: NIRT: Nanometer Stoichiometric Particle Compound Solutions and Control of their Self-Assembly into the Condensed PhaseThis proposal was received in response to Nanoscale Science and Engineering initiative, NSF 05-610, category NIRT. The goal is to create a new family of nanometer "stoichiometric particle compounds," or what could also be called nanoparticles of all the same size, and to control their active assembly into condensed phases. In order to do this, understanding and control of solution phase and interfacial properties is needed. Understanding of particulate self-assembly to yield two and three dimensional superlattices, films and gels is also needed. To achieve this goal a series of nanomaterials will be synthesized in large amounts and will be "nanomachined" (digestively ripened) to molecular stoichiometry and stabilized with selected surface ligands. The ligands will be chosen for their tendencies to be hydrophobic or hydrophilic, their ability to form ordered monolayers, and to hydrogen bond and/or interdigitate with neighbors. In this way solution phase behavior, aggregation, crystallization to form superlattices, and assembly into various structures will be controlled. The physical chemistry of solutions, their phase diagrams, interfacial phenomena, and transitions to other phases is very well understood. Moreover, much is known about colloid phase stability and what happens when the colloid is destabilized. The new nanometer size stoichiometric particle compounds to be studied lie between solutions and colloids, and their phase behavior, interfacial phenomena, transitions to other phases, and controlled assembly have not been explored with experiment or theory. This research will attempt to rectify this lack of experimental data and understanding, and hence bind all these systems with one universal description. Therecently developed supramolecular building techniques will be extended to assembly of particles rather than molecules. The idea is to view these nearly uniform in size and composition nanoparticles as stoichiometric compounds with behavior, perhaps in some novel manner, analogous to "normal" atomic and molecular systems. Creation of materials based on single-sized nanoparticles, rather than atoms and molecules that actively assemble into superlattices, films, gels and supermolecular entities would yield a whole new class of materials with which it could rebuild or recreate all our modern marvels. Stoichiometric particle compounds can produce a particle-based world. Thus, from a broad perspective, this is an attempt to develop and then use the concept of a three-dimensional periodic table where size is the third dimension. The PIs will develop a streamlined set of course options to allow our students to achieve a broad training across physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering without significantly adding time to their training experience. The program will introduce teen women to nanoscience and technology through a recently established and very successful summer workshop series. The PIs will include undergraduates in the research year round.