The Wari Occupation of Pataraya: The Interface of Coast and Sierra

在国家科学基金会的支持下，Katharina Schreiber教授和一个国际考古学家团队将在秘鲁南部进行两个野外考古季节的研究。该项目将调查一个前印加安第斯帝国的安装，并研究该帝国使用的经济战略。瓦里帝国(约公元750-1000年)征服并控制了秘鲁的大部分高山安第斯山脉和秘鲁的大部分海岸。当瓦里人将他们的控制权从高安第斯山脉向下延伸到海岸时，他们在这两个极端之间的一个地区建造了一个小型设施，海拔约1200米(4000英尺)，位于纳斯卡山谷上游。该遗址位于一大片废弃的农业梯田附近，因此该遗址的放置可能是为了控制硅谷这一部分的生产。遗址附近的一群房屋遗迹表明，帝国从另一个地区引进工人到田里劳作，为驻扎在遗址的皇室官僚服务。该项目将遵循几条调查路线，以了解该遗址的目的和功能，以及它如何成为更大的帝国经济战略的一部分。在第一季期间，皇室遗址将被挖掘，以澄清其功能，以及谁占据了它。考古侦察将在山谷更高的地方进行，看看是否有其他帝王遗址位于更高的地方。第二季将致力于对废弃农业梯田的土壤进行测绘和测试，以确定它们的年龄和种植了什么。遗址附近还有一个皇家墓地，这也将被挖掘。最后，将在毗邻的山谷进行额外的考古侦察，看看瓦里占领是否在其他山谷重演。从更广泛的意义上说，帝国是指控制着许多民族和领土的大型复杂国家。帝国必须灵活地调整其控制战略，以适应这种不同的情况，并能够在必要时改变这些战略。对纳斯卡河谷上游瓦日帝国的研究，不仅为瓦里如何发展和实施不同的控制战略提供了新的信息，也有助于我们对古代帝国的总体理解。古代帝国面临的问题直接类似于现代国家面临的问题，特别是那些人口众多的种族多元化国家。这个项目将产生更广泛的影响，因为它将为美国和秘鲁的学生提供教育机会。一名美国研究生将使用从该项目中恢复的一些数据作为他的博士论文的基础。秘鲁学生将获得考古培训和经验，与秘鲁考古学家的合作将提供大量的智力交流机会。Schreiber教授还将在当地社区发表公开演讲和学校讲座，分享她对当地社区过去的知识，并培养对保护考古资源的尊重。

With the support of the National Science Foundation, Professor Katharina Schreiber and an international team of archaeologists will conduct two field seasons of archaeological research in southern Peru. The project will investigate an installation of a pre-Inca Andean empire and study the economic strategies used by that empire. The Wari Empire (ca. AD 750-1000) conquered and controlled most of the high Peruvian Andes and much of the coast of Peru. When the Wari extended their control from the high Andes down to the coast, they built a small installation in an area midway between those extremes, at about 1200 meters (4000 feet) above sea level, in the upper Nasca valley. The site lies near a broad tract of abandoned agricultural terraces, so the site may have been placed in order to control production in this sector of the valley. A cluster of house remains near the site suggests that the empire imported workers from another region to work the fields, and to serve the imperial bureaucrats stationed at the site.The project will follow several lines of investigation to understand the purpose and function of this site, and how it was a part of a larger empire-wide economic strategy. During the first season the imperial site will be excavated in order to clarify its function, and who occupied it. Archaeological reconnaissance will be conducted farther up the valley to see if any other imperial sites were located higher up. The second season will be devoted to mapping and testing the soils of the abandoned agricultural terrace to determine their ages and what had been grown on them. An imperial cemetery is also located near the site, and this will be excavated as well. Finally, additional archaeological reconnaissance will be undertaken in an adjacent valley to see if the Wari occupation was repeated in other valleys.In a broader sense, empires are large, complex states that hold sway over many peoples and territories. Empires must be flexible in their ability to adapt their strategies of control to such varying situations, and also be able to change those strategies when necessary. The study of the Wari Empire in the upper Nasca valley not only provides new information on how Wari developed and implemented different strategies of control, it also contributes to our understanding of ancient empires, in general. The problems faced by ancient empires are directly analogous to problems faced by modern states, especially those with large ethnically diverse populations.This project will have broader impacts in that it will provide educational opportunities for both American and Peruvian students. One American graduate student will use some of the data recovered from the project as the basis of his doctoral thesis. Peruvian students will gain archaeological training and experience, and collaboration with Peruvian archaeologists will provide ample opportunities for intellectual exchange. Professor Schreiber will also give public addresses and school lectures in local communities, both to share her knowledge of their past and to engender a respect for the preservation of archaeological resources.