Doctoral Dissertation Research: Navigating a Changing Europe from Below Activist Cartographies by Social Movements in France and Spain

欧洲联盟正在经历激烈的政治和经济改革。最近在法国发生的抗议和骚乱，以及西班牙的大规模越境事件，都把人们的注意力集中在劳动力市场灵活性和移民等重要问题上。这项研究将集中于欧洲社会运动对制图的拨款，这些运动的明确目的是进行关于这些改组的研究和分发资料，以便加强公共辩论和公民行动。虽然制图学继续在政府、教育和私营部门发挥重要作用，但令人惊讶的是，很少有人关注民间社会行动者如何制作和使用他们自己的地图。这个研究项目的重点是两个制图团体：西班牙的Hackitectura和法国的Bureau d’etudes。它提出了三个主要问题：(1)制图学以何种方式在这些社会运动的活动中发挥作用，这些实践是如何在不同群体中传播的？(2)这些群体采用和发展了哪些类型的制图实践？(3)社会运动对地图学的使用可能或已经在哪些方面产生了理解灵活性和迁移的新方法？它们又在哪些方面塑造了运动实践？除了与这些小组中的制图员就数据收集、分析和制图的技术方面进行合作外，本研究还采用了包括档案研究、访谈、焦点小组和参与者观察在内的混合方法。这项研究对地理学和公共政策都有启示。通过关注民间社会行动者的新兴制图制作浪潮，本研究将有助于当代批判性制图学的研究和教学。由于新的制图方法和制图的新的社会用途可能会围绕社会政策的关键问题出现，这项研究有可能对未来的制图研究和教学法作出贡献。该研究还询问了社会运动产生的知识和分析工具如何有助于有关劳动力市场和移民的社会政策辩论。最后，虽然这项工作侧重于欧盟的进程，但它涉及更广泛的背景。移民和劳动力市场改革已成为美国公共政策日益突出的特征。这项工作说明了民间社会行为体如何将这些问题与加强公民参与决策进程的目标结合起来。

The European Union is experiencing intense political and economic restructuring. Recent protests and unrest in France as well as massive border crossings in Spain have focused attention on important issues of labor market flexibilization and immigration. This research will focus on appropriations of cartography by social movements in Europe that are aimed explicitly at carrying out research and distributing information on these restructurings in order to strengthen public debate and civic action. While cartography continues to play an important role in government, education, and the private sector, surprisingly little attention has been focused on how civil society actors produce and use their own maps. This research project focuses on two cartographic collectives: Hackitectura in Spain, and Bureau d'Etudes in France. It asks three primary questions: (1) In what ways did cartography come to play any role in the activities of these social movements and how did these practices diffuse among different groups? (2) What kinds of mapping practices have been adapted and developed by these groups? (3) In what ways might or has the use of cartography by social movements produced new ways of understanding flexibilization and migration, and in which ways have they shaped movement practice? Besides working with the cartographers in these groups on the technical aspects of their data collection, analysis, and mappings, the research uses a mixed methods approach including archival research, interviews, focus groups, and participant observation.This study has implications both for Geography and public policy. By focusing on an emergent wave of cartographic production by civil society actors the research will contribute to contemporary research and teaching in critical cartographies. In that new mapping practices and new social uses of cartography may be emerging around crucial issues of social policy, the research has the potential to contribute to the future cartographic research and pedagogy. The research also asks how the knowledge and analytical tools produced by social movements contribute to social policy debates about labor markets and immigration. Finally, though focused on processes in the European Union this work speaks to broader contexts. Migration and labor market reform have become increasingly salient features of US public policy. This work speaks to how civil society actors are engaging these issues in tandem with the goal of strengthening citizen participation in decision-making processes.