Toward Unraveling the Morphological Plasticity and Genome Redundancy of Brassica Oleracea

PI：J. Christopher Pires（密苏里州大学）镇（基因组研究所），安德鲁H。帕特森（格鲁吉亚大学）甘蓝代表了人类驯化所带来的植物形态变化的最壮观的例子之一，并且正在以与狗正在成为哺乳动物驯化模型的方式大致相同的方式成为植物模型。 大多数农作物的驯化导致了单一植物部分的增强，如谷物的种子，树木的果实或某些蔬菜的根。 相反，B.甘蓝具有驯化的形式，这些驯化的形式已经被选择用于改变植物的几个部分，包括营养分生组织（卷心菜）、茎（球茎甘蓝、羽衣甘蓝）、叶腋和叶（布鲁塞尔芽、羽衣甘蓝）以及花分生组织（花椰菜、花椰菜）。在芸苔属的近亲中发现了额外的变异，例如B的叶和根。白菜、大白菜和根萝卜的形态类型和油料B的高产量。rapa和B. napus，正在开发用于生物燃料。这种非凡的形态多样性，加上它与拟南芥的密切关系，使B。甘蓝是一个特别有吸引力的系统，在其中阐明基本的生物过程。将开发基因组序列和相关资源，以加快B形态变异的分子解剖。的形态变异与其基因组结构和功能之间的关系。为了更好地理解B。为了研究甘蓝的驯化，该项目还将比较芸苔属的古老复制染色体区域和大蒜芥属的非复制区域。 最近发现大蒜芥与芸苔属的亲缘关系比拟南芥更近。 一个自交亲和快速循环模式基因型B的物理图谱。将使用高覆盖度的基因组文库开发甘蓝，并从大蒜素和B中测序30-35个相应的基因组区域。羽衣甘蓝。 将这些序列相互比较并与B比较。的模式和克里思的遗传变化的拟南芥。这些资源将为世界范围内的研究人员研究B中特定性状的遗传控制奠定基础。以及测试形态变化和基因组过程之间的关系的假设。项目活动正在与多国芸苔属基因组项目（http：//www.brassica.info/）协调，该项目将利用通过长期使用威斯康星州快速循环芸苔属快速植物将芸苔属纳入许多教室的优势。在格鲁吉亚大学的NSF GK-12项目和相应的活动将为实施基于研究的教育材料提供试验场。项目成果的获取该项目的主要成果将是细菌人工染色体（BAC）和BAC末端序列，这些序列将被保存在Genbank（http：//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/）。该项目的网址可通过http：//www.plantgroup.org/cpires.html进入，其中将包括注释序列以及综合遗传细胞分子图谱。

PI: J. Christopher Pires (University of Missouri)Co-PIs: Christopher D. Town (The Institute for Genomic Research), Andrew H. Paterson (University of Georgia)Brassica oleracea represents one of the most spectacular examples of plant morphological change brought about by human domestication and is emerging as a plant model in much the same manner that the dog is emerging as a model for mammal domestication. Domestication of most crops has resulted in enhancement of a single plant part for use by humans, such as the seeds of grains, the fruits of trees, or the roots of some vegetables. In contrast, B. oleracea has domesticated forms that have been selected for changes in several plant parts, including vegetative meristems (cabbages), stems (kohlrabi, marrowstem kale), leaf axils and leaves (Brussels sprouts, kales), and floral meristems (broccoli, cauliflower). Additional variation is found in close Brassica relatives, such as the leaves and roots of B. rapa morphotypes (Pak-choi, Chinese cabbage and root turnip) and high seed yields of oilseed B. rapa and B. napus, being developed for biofuels. This extraordinary morphological diversity, together with its close relationship to Arabidopsis, makes B. oleracea an especially attractive system in which to elucidate fundamental biological processes. Genome sequence and associated resources will be developed to expedite molecular dissection of the morphological variation in B. oleracea, and contribute to a framework for investigating the relationship between this morphological variation and the structure and function of its genome. To better understand B. oleracea domestication, the project will also compare the ancient duplicated chromosomal regions of Brassica to the non-duplicated regions in Sisymbrium. Sisymbrium has been recently found to be much more closely related to Brassica than Arabidopsis. A physical map of a self-compatible rapid-cycling model genotype of B. oleracea will be developed using high-coverage genomic library, and 30-35 corresponding genomic regions sequenced from Sisymbrium and B. oleracea. These sequences will be compared to each other and to B. rapa and Arabidopsis to shed new light on the pattern and tempo of genetic change in the Brassicaeae. These resources will lay the foundation for a worldwide community of researchers to dissect the genetic control of specific traits in B. oleracea as well as test hypotheses about the relationship between morphological change and genomic processes. Project activities are being coordinated with the Multinational Brassica Genome Project (http://www.brassica.info/).The project will take advantage of the integration of Brassica into many classrooms through the long-standing use of Wisconsin rapid-cycling Brassica Fast Plants. An NSF GK-12 program and corresponding activities at University of Georgia will provide a testing ground for implementation of research-based educational materials.Access to project outcomes The primary outcome of the project will be Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) and BAC-end sequences, which will be deposited in Genbank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). The project web site, which will be accessible via http://www.plantgroup.org/cpires.html, will include annotated sequences as well as integrated genetic-cytomolecular maps.