Collaborative Research: Comparative Biogeography of Sulawesi - Phylogenetic and Coalescent Analyses of Diversification in Frogs, Lizards, and Monkeys

苏拉威西岛的比较生物地理学——青蛙、蜥蜴和猴子多样性的系统发育和演化分析生物地理学家长期以来一直对印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛高度特有的生物群感兴趣。苏拉威西岛在整个历史上都与邻近的大陆隔绝，是由多个起源于西太平洋遥远角落的古岛屿累积而成的。本研究将采用系统发育和生物地理学方法，以及最近发展的基于聚结的种群遗传学方法，调查苏拉威西岛动物群的物种多样性和生物地理学。分类学的重点将是六个脊椎动物分类群，包括苏拉威西岛特有的猕猴（Macaca）、飞蜥蜴（Draco）、树龙（Lamprolepis）、尖牙蛙（Limnonectes）、蟾蜍（Bufo celebensis）和树蛙（Polypedates）。本研究的一个新颖方面是通过筛选每个群体构建的基因组文库获得每个焦点分类群的20个非连锁核位点。这些基因座将使用系统发育方法进行分析，以评估整个东南亚的广泛生物地理格局和苏拉威西岛多样化的详细格局。他们将进一步使用聚结方法来研究物种边界上的基因流动，并估计苏拉威西岛物种形成事件的分化时间。结果将直接适用于负责保护生物多样性的印度尼西亚机构，以保护这一全球保护热点地区的地方性保护不足地区为目标。

Comparative Biogeography of Sulawesi - Phylogenetic and Coalescent Analysis of Diversification in Frogs, Lizards, and MonkeysBiogeographers have long been interested in the highly endemic biota of the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. Sulawesi has been isolated from the adjacent mainland for its entire history, and was formed through accretion of multiple paleo-islands that originated in far-flung corners of the West Pacific. This study will investigate species diversification and biogeography of Sulawesi fauna by applying phylogenetic and biogeographic methodologies, along with recently developed coalescent-based population genetic approaches. The taxonomic focus will be six vertebrate taxa comprising endemic Sulawesi radiations of macaque monkeys (Macaca), flying lizards (Draco), tree skinks (Lamprolepis), fanged frogs (Limnonectes), toads (Bufo celebensis), and tree frogs (Polypedates).A novel aspect of this study is the development of 20 unlinked nuclear loci for each focal taxon obtained by screening genomic libraries constructed for each group. These loci will be analyzed using phylogenetic methods to evaluate broad biogeographic patterns across SE Asia and detailed patterns of diversification on Sulawesi. They will be further analyzed using coalescent methods to investigate gene flow at species boundaries, and to estimate divergence times for speciation events on Sulawesi. Results will be directly applicable to Indonesian agencies tasked with protecting biodiversity to target underprotected areas of endemism in this Global Conservation hotspot.