Comparative Biogeography of the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia: Diversification Across a Wallacean Two-Way Filter Barrier

小舜达群岛是一个双弧形岛屿，西起爪哇和巴厘岛，东至新几内亚。这是世界上地质最活跃、构造最复杂的地区之一。较小的孙达群岛可以充当舜达大陆架(马来半岛、婆罗洲、苏门答腊岛、爪哇和巴厘岛)和萨胡尔大陆架(澳大利亚的新几内亚)之间的“垫脚石”，从而为散布在世界上两个最大的生物地理域--亚洲和澳大拉岛-巴布亚之间的生物形成一个双向过滤器。这项研究通过应用系统发育和生物地理学方法，以及基于融合的种群遗传学方法，调查了该地区的物种形成和生物地理。这项研究是比较的，调查了12个两栖和爬行动物物种复合体。这个项目的新奇之处在于，使用诱饵捕获方法为每个焦点分类群开发了200个核DNA基因座，这种方法利用了下一代DNA测序的能力。将使用系统发育和种群遗传学方法对基因座进行分析，以评估整个东南亚的广泛生物地理格局，包括小舜达群岛的多样化模式，世系边界的基因流动，并估计群岛内物种形成事件的分歧时间。结果将通知印度尼西亚负责保护这一全球保护热点地区的特有地区的机构。

The Lesser Sunda Archipelago occurs as a double arc of islands extending between Java and Bali in the west and New Guinea in the east. This is one of the most geologically active and tectonically complex regions in the world. The Lesser Sundas may act as "stepping stones" between the Sunda Shelf (Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and Bali) and Sahul Shelf (New Guinea, Australia), thereby forming a two-way filter for organisms dispersing between two of the world's great biogeographical realms, Asia and Australo-Papua. This study investigates speciation and biogeography of this region by applying phylogenetic and biogeographic methodologies, along with coalescent-based population genetic approaches. The study is comparative, investigating 12 amphibian and reptile species complexes.Novel to this program is the development of 200 nuclear DNA loci for each focal taxon using a bait-capture approach that harnesses the power of Next-Gen DNA sequencing. Loci will be analyzed using phylogenetic and population genetic methods to evaluate broad biogeographic patterns across SE Asia, patterns of diversification thoughout the Lesser Sundas, gene flow at lineage boundaries, and to estimate divergence times for speciation events within the archipelago. Results will inform Indonesian agencies tasked with protecting areas of endemism in this Global Conservation hotspot.