The Anthropology of Transnational Crime Control: The War against Drugs, Combating Human Trafficking, and the Fight against Counterfeit Medications

这一人类学项目的目的是描述和分析在新出现的跨国犯罪控制制度的影响下，撒哈拉以南非洲目前如何重建秩序和无序。它探讨了塞拉利昂和南非跨国犯罪控制所涉及的翻译和改编过程，以期探讨在毒品战争、打击人口贩运和打击假药这三个犯罪控制领域涉及哪些技术和意义的问题。以这一主题为重点，鉴于非洲国家的权威不断受到挑战，该项目致力于促进关于非洲国家的更广泛的社会科学辩论；特别是，它通过多地点的民族志方法，研究在证券化的新范式下，各种形式的生物政治如何与主权的表现相联系。我们认为，在这种模式下，犯罪已成为一个构成社会和政治范畴，撒哈拉以南非洲地区已成为新安全制度的试验场。通过比较两个西非国家和南非，以及比较三个不同的(但又相互关联的)犯罪控制领域，这项研究力求既具有人种学上的特殊性，又具有相当程度的一般性，有助于实现优先方案在实证研究和理论工作方面的目标。

The objective of this anthropological project Is to describe and analyse how the making of order and disorder is presently reconfigured in sub-Saharan Africa under the influence of newly emerging regimes of transnational crime control. It explores the processes of translation and adaptation involved in transnational crime control in Sierra Leone and South Africa with a view to the question of what technologies and significations are involved in three fields of crime control, namely the war on drugs, the fight against human trafficking and the combat against counterfeit medicines. With this thematic focus, the project alms to make a contribution to wider social scientific debates on African states in the light of the continuing challenge to their authority in general; in particular, it examines by means of multi-sited ethnographic methodologies how forms of biopolitics articulate with performances of sovereignty under the new paradigm of securitisation. Under this paradigm, we argue, crime ha$ become a constitutive social and political category, and sub-Saharan Africa has become a kind of laboratory for new security regimes. By comparing two West African countries and South Africa, and by comparing three different (and yet interrelated) fields of crime control, the research seeks to achieve both an ethnographic specificity and a considerable level of generality that contributes to the objectives of the Priority Programme in terms of empirical research and theory work.