Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Wari Imperial Expansion

在Joyce Marcus博士的监督下，Veronique Belisle将在秘鲁高地库斯科地区的AK‘awillay遗址进行考古发掘。来自AK‘awillay的挖掘数据将被用来评估帝国对家庭的影响，特别是华日帝国扩张对当地社区的影响。从公元600年到公元1000年，瓦里帝国在安第斯山脉中部建立了几个行政中心。在库斯科地区，早期的考古学家专注于两个大型的瓦里中心，他们得出结论，瓦里在这一时期控制了库斯科地区。系统的调查表明，其他遗址没有瓦里建筑，尽管瓦里陶瓷出现在少数当地聚落。这个新项目将采取补充的“自下而上”的观点，着眼于一个较小的社区(1)评估帝国扩张对当地人口的影响，(2)完善有关WARI扩张及其合并战略的已知情况。帝国，包括瓦里帝国，倾向于使用各种战略来合并当地社区并与之互动，这些社区可能会抵抗、反叛或合作。帝国扩张的影响在帝国的一些地区可能是深远的，但在其他地区却不是，或者只有当地社会的某些部分才能感受到。通过对库斯科地区单个社区的详细观察，这项研究将检查在WARI扩展到达库斯科地区后，家庭层面--从一个家庭到另一个家庭--发生了什么变化。这些发掘将补充早期专注于两个更大的瓦里中心的研究，并通过开发用于识别帝国扩张的考古签名，增加对帝国的历史和民族历史的研究。AK‘awillay--该项目的焦点--在瓦里之前被占领，但只是在瓦里时期才成为该地区最大的定居点。挖掘将产生数据，这些数据将用于比较战前家庭和战时家庭，以及活动和文物库存。有了这些数据，就可以评估WARI对当地家庭的影响是最小的、很大的，还是仅限于某些家庭和/或活动。除了与科学界广泛分享这项研究的结果外，还将与AK‘awillay现代盖丘亚语社区的人们定期举行会议，帮助他们了解自己的过去以及如何保护和保存他们的考古遗址。该项目将为当地社区的几名成员(包括妇女和男子)提供工作，该地区很难找到有收入和有报酬的工作。它还将使秘鲁和北美的学者和考古学家有机会在挖掘和实验室工作方面获得经验，从而获得自己的学位和专业晋升。由于扩张主义国家也是现代世界的特征，这个考古项目--展示古代国家如何扩张、合并和控制地方领土--将与理解现代政治扩张的过程相关。

Under the supervision of Dr. Joyce Marcus, Veronique Belisle will conduct archaeological excavations at Ak'awillay, a site in the Cusco region of highland Peru. The excavation data from Ak'awillay will be used to evaluate the impact of an empire on households, specifically the impact of Wari imperial expansion on a local community. From AD 600 to 1000, the Wari Empire established several administrative centers across the central Andes. In the Cusco area, earlier archaeologists focused on two large Wari centers and they concluded that Wari controlled the Cusco area during this period. Systematic surveys have demonstrated the absence of Wari architecture at other sites, although Wari ceramics were present at a small number of local settlements. This new project will take a complementary "bottom-up" perspective that looks at a smaller community (1) to evaluate the impact of imperial expansion on the local population and (2) to refine what is known about Wari expansion and its strategies of incorporation. Empires, including that of the Wari, tend to use a variety of strategies to incorporate and interact with local communities that may resist, rebel, or cooperate. The impact of imperial expansion can be profound in some regions of an empire but not others, or experienced only by certain segments of local societies. By taking a detailed view of a single community in the Cusco area, this research will examine what changes, if any, were experienced at the household level - from family to family - after Wari expansion reached the Cusco region. These excavations will complement earlier studies that focused on two larger Wari centers, and add to the historical and ethnohistorical research on empires by developing archaeological signatures for the identification of imperial expansion. Ak'awillay - the focus of the project - was occupied in the pre-Wari period, but it was only during the Wari period that it became the largest settlement in the area. Excavations will yield data that will be used to compare pre-Wari households to Wari-period households, as well as activities and artifact inventories. With these data it will be possible to evaluate whether Wari's impact on local households was minimal, substantial, or restricted to certain households and/or activities. In addition to sharing the results of this research widely with the scientific community, regular sessions will be organized with the people of the modern Quechua-speaking community of Ak'awillay to help them learn about their past and how to protect and preserve their archaeological site. This project will provide work for several members of the local community (both women and men) in an area where income and paying jobs are hard to find. It will also give Peruvian and North American scholars and archaeologists an opportunity to gain experience in excavation and laboratory work, leading to their own degrees and professional advancement. Since expansionist states also characterize the modern world, this archaeological project - showing how ancient states expanded, incorporated, and controlled local territories - will be relevant to understanding the process of modern political expansion.