Collaborative Research: Towards the Transparent Earth

该项目将安装和运行一个永久性地震观测站，从所有六个可能的方向照亮Homestake More Dusel遗址的体积。我们之所以选择Homestake，是因为它提供了一个独特的机会--北美最深的矿井的大量采矿工作被数百个露天钻孔包围和覆盖，这些钻孔可以经济实惠地用加速计进行测量。该项目利用了南达科他州3200万美元的资金，以及慈善家桑福德目前正在投资的2000万美元，用于重新开放Homestake矿用于研究和教育。这项提议得到了劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室(LBNL)的大力支持，该实验室正在提供两位领先的地震学家的研究努力、地震仪器和技术支持。地震阵列将允许社区成像岩石中的快速动态变化。近期目标是：1)声学监测矿山脱水过程中有效应力变化引起的岩石运动；2)声学监测因施工和其他活动而引起的事件，为矿山开工做好准备；3)使基础设施做好基础设施的准备，以便随着设施的增加进行更大规模的监测。特别是，天文台将估计与即将开始的大规模降水作业、挖掘工作和各种岩石力学实验有关的事件的地震参数，并估计矿井内或附近自然活动造成的震源运动学。给定由阵列确定的事件的损伤位置，可以对岩体进行反挖掘以找到岩石中的震源损伤。一旦发现，可以在破坏过程和产生的地震波之间建立直接联系。随着对记录地震波形物理意义的理解加深，操作员将能够在实验室区域以及长期封闭的地下区域评估设施的岩石力学健康状况，而不会主动进入可能存在危险的空间--地下和矿山安全。此外，周围的阵列可以用来极大地提高我们探测和表征地下结构和活动的能力--地下设施的安全和探测。自朝鲜战争结束以来，这一直是我们军事和边境防御的目标。作为SDSTA的一部分，这个天文台将为所有利益相关者提供终身学习体验--K-12学生和教师，每年通过黑山的数十万游客，高等教育中代表性不足的群体，以及普通学生。天文台通过南达科他州采矿和技术学院、南达科他州科学和技术局以及附近的部落大学开展的宣传活动将是深入和实质性的。其中两所学院已经与SDSM&amp；T密切合作，并已成为部落科学和数学教育领域的领导者。K-12访客计划将与暑期教师课程相结合，在暑期教师课程中，感兴趣的教师将在适当的水平上了解地下科学，为他们提供稍后向学生解释科学所需的背景知识。

This project will install and operate a permanent seismic observatory illuminating the volume of the Homestake Mine DUSEL site from all six possible directions. We have chosen the Homestake site because it offers a unique opportunity - the large volume of mine working of the deepest mine in North America is surrounded and underlain by literally hundreds of open bore holes, which can affordably be instrumented with accelerometers. The project leverages the $32 million the State of South Dakota, and the $20 million the philanthropist Sanford are presently investing in reopening the Homestake Mine for research and education. The proposal brings strong backing from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), which is providing the research efforts of two leading seismologists, seismic instrumentation, and technical support.The seismic array will allow the community to image rapid dynamic changes in the rock mass. The near term goals are 1) acoustically monitoring the rock kinematics due to effective stress change during the mine dewatering, 2) acoustically monitoring events due to construction and other activities needed to ready the mine for opening, 3) prepare the infrastructure for larger-scale monitoring as the facility ramps up. In particular, the observatory will estimate the seismic parameters of events associated with the massive dewatering operation about to begin, excavation work, and various rock mechanics experiments, and estimate source kinematics caused by natural activity within or near the mine. Given the damage location of the event determined by the array, the rock mass can be back-excavated to find the source damage in the rocks. When found, a direct connection can be made between the damage process and seismic waves generated. As the understanding of the physical meaning of the recorded seismic waveforms increases, the operators will be able to assess the rock mechanics health of the facility in the laboratory areas, as well as in areas of the underground that are closed off for extended periods of time, without active entering of the possibly dangerous space - underground and mine safety. In addition, the surrounding array can be used to greatly improve our ability to detect and characterize underground structures and activity - security and detection of underground facilities. This has been a goal of our military and border defense since the end of the Korean war.As part of SDSTA, this observatory will provide a lifelong learning experience for all stakeholders - K-12 students and teachers, the hundreds of thousands of visitors passing through the Black Hills annually, under-represented groups in higher education, and the general student population. The observatory's outreach, through the South Dakota School of Mining and Technology, the South Dakota Science and Technology Authority, and near-by tribal colleges, will be deep and substantive. Two of these colleges already work closely with SDSM&T, and have become leaders in tribal science and mathematics education. The K-12 visitor programs will be coupled with summer teacher courses in which interested teachers are introduced to underground science at an appropriate level, providing them with the background they need to later explain the science to their students.