Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Economic Organization of a Postclassic Center and its Hinterlands in Veracruz, Mexico

在芭芭拉·L博士的监督下。斯塔克，阿兰娜奥萨将分析考古住宅库存从中心的酱料（韦拉克鲁斯，墨西哥）和它的土地，以解决可能出现的市场和结构的交换在中后古典时期（公元1200-1350）。 考古学家已经确定并研究了瓦哈卡山谷（蒙特阿尔班）和墨西哥盆地（特奥蒂瓦坎和特诺奇蒂特兰）的主要高地国家的市场交换。 然而，对于低地韦拉克鲁斯，经济组织的性质仍然未知。 工艺生产力的提高和较弱的国家被认为是后古典中美洲商业经济发展的贡献因素。 一项针对小型海湾经济体的研究将揭示后古典时期的商业化在远离大州市场的地区有多广泛。 此外，小中心的酱料是一个很有前途的案例研究，因为以前的区域调查发现，在当地的商品分配和工艺生产的变化，暗示商业交换。 这个项目开发了一种方法来处理社会，政治和商业因素的组合，塑造经济组织。 最近在确定交换机制方面的创新表明，通过营销，所有住宅单位都应该有机会获得产品，数量根据财富逐渐变化。 在社交网络交换很突出的地方，如精英送礼或亲属网络，产品的访问将受到限制，导致一部分住宅的频率较高，而其他住宅的频率较低。 通过首先确定通过居民消费的不同产品的交换机制，本研究使用的产品从中心的空间脱落，以确定经济如何与结算系统连接。 这个项目将使用65个住宅单位从酱料和它的土地，以确定市场营销和社会网络交换的作用。所有家庭用品，包括炊具、餐盘、石制工具等，将对每个住宅区进行分析。 奢侈品的市场供应被认为是后古典中美洲商业化的一个关键特征。 因此，劳动力生产成本和价值估计将用于比较基本必需品，如烹饪和储存容器，与在中南部韦拉克鲁斯州流通的更昂贵的商品。 这项研究的结果将有助于回答海湾地区的经济变化如何匹配和/或偏离中美洲更广泛的社会经济趋势。 在其更广泛的影响，这项研究开发和测试的方法连接市场，网络和脱落模式的产品，可用于评估交换机制和社区规模的经济组织从考古数据。 这些方法将证明有助于建立可适用于其他转型期经济体的经济组织的实质性考古模型。 这项研究也延续了美国和墨西哥学者在调查项目中数十年的合作努力。 墨西哥学生将被纳入实地小组，当地社区成员将参与其区域历史重要部分的地表收集和分析。 该项目的数据将被共享，为扩大海湾后经典研究提供基础。 本项目所使用的结果、数据集和方法将通过出版物、学术会议上的演讲和互联网网站在线传播。

Under the supervision of Dr. Barbara L. Stark, Alanna Ossa will analyze archaeological residential inventories from the center of Sauce (Veracruz, Mexico) and its hinterlands to address the possible appearance of markets and the structure of exchange during the Middle Postclassic period (AD 1200-1350). Archaeologists have identified and studied market exchange for major highland states in the Valley of Oaxaca (Monte Alban) and the Basin of Mexico (Teotihuacan and Tenochtitlan). For Lowland Veracruz, however, the nature of economic organization remains unknown. Increases in craft productivity and less powerful states are recognized as contributing factors in commercial economic development in Postclassic Mesoamerica. A study focused on a small-scale Gulf economy will reveal how extensive Postclassic period commercialization was in regions distant from the markets known for the larger states. Additionally, the small center of Sauce is a promising case study because prior regional survey identified changes in local commodity distribution and craft production suggestive of commercial exchange. This project develops a method to deal with the mix of social, political, and commercial factors that shape economic organization. Recent innovations in identifying exchange mechanisms posit that with marketing, all residential units should have access to products, with the amounts varying gradually based on wealth. Where social network exchange is prominent such as elite gift-giving or kin networks, products will be restricted in access, resulting in higher frequencies for a subset of residences, and absence or low frequencies in others. By first identifying exchange mechanisms for different products via residential consumption, this study uses the spatial fall-off of products from the center to identify how the economy articulated with the settlement system. This project will use 65 residential units from Sauce and its hinterlands to define the roles of marketing and social network exchange. All household items including cooking utensils, serving dishes, chipped stone tools, etc., will be analyzed for each residential mound. Market availability of luxury products is considered a key characteristic of commercialization within Postclassic Mesoamerica. Therefore, labor production cost and value estimates will be used to compare how basic necessities, such as cooking and storage vessels, versus more expensive goods circulated in south-central Veracruz. Results of this research will help answer how Gulf economic changes match and/or depart from broader socioeconomic trends in Mesoamerica. In its broader impacts, this research develops and tests methods linking market, networks, and fall-off patterning of products that can be used to evaluate exchange mechanisms and community-scale economic organization from archaeological data. These methods will prove useful in building substantive archaeological models of economic organization that can be applied to other economies in transition. This research also continues decades of collaborative efforts between U.S. and Mexican scholars in the survey projects. Mexican students will be incorporated in the field team, and local community members will participate in the surface collection and analysis of an important segment of their regional history. Data from this project will be shared, providing a base for expanding Gulf Postclassic research. The results, dataset, and methods used for this project will be disseminated through publications, presentations at scholarly conferences, and online through internet sites.