Collaborative Research: History of Cartography in the Twentieth Century

本提案要求继续支持一项正在进行的重大学术项目。《地图学史》第六卷涵盖了二十世纪，是一部庞大的、多卷的学术参考著作的组成部分，有一百万字，1000幅插图，1500页，将由芝加哥大学出版社出版。在这五年期资助的第二年，新闻界进行了同行评审，并批准了我们的设计、内容清单和发展策略。（获得出版委员会的批准是一个重要的里程碑，因为根据出版社对第六卷这样的大型参考著作的政策，同行评议是在签约前阶段进行的，在这个阶段，对概念和策略进行审查，而不是在提交了一份完整的、令人生畏的大量手稿之后。）迄今为止的进展包括：在经媒体批准的520个可分配条目中，有83%的条目招募了撰稿人，56%的已委托条目的初稿已被登录，收到的条目中有44%已被审查和批准。这个提案解释了为什么原工作计划的时间表是不现实的，并提出了一个可行的策略，完成研究，并在2013年或2014年向出版社及时发表可发表的手稿。在二十世纪解决制图的所有方面，第六卷不同于早期的卷，其固有的重点是电子技术以及大规模生产的兴衰；地图使用的相对民主化和制图知识的相关改进；政府在收集、绘制和使用科学数据方面的作用日益增强；对数据质量的高度关注；地图学和其他研究之间不断变化的界限；地图学与公共政策的关系；并且在地图的设计和使用中提高了道德考虑的意识。第六卷的知识价值在于，二十世纪是地图学历史上的一个关键时期；学者、学生和一般用户对一本全面的、组织良好的地图历史百科全书的需求；用于编制词条清单和征聘与制图史项目有关的知识渊博的顾问和撰稿人的合乎逻辑的系统程序；以及为早期卷开发的经过验证的参考检查和编辑过程。第六卷的广泛影响将主要来自其作为学者的参考工作和研究工具的价值，他们的作品将对其他学者，记者和公众产生进一步的影响。它还将鼓励众多贡献者（迄今已招募260人）在其他地方发表扩展论文或进行书籍长度的研究。除了促进对地图历史的研究外，第六卷还将提高地理、科学和技术、科学和社会历史学家以及一般外行用户对地图和地理信息的认识。所有这些影响应大大大于《制图史》系列的其他卷，因为在20世纪，制图学与科学和工程的联系明显更强，制图技术在公共行政和战争中的大量和日益增加的参与，以及媒体和一般公众更广泛地使用地图。

This proposal requests continued support for a major scholarly project well underway. Volume Six of The History of Cartography covers the twentieth century as a million-word, 1,000-illustration, 1,500-page component of a massive, multi-volume scholarly reference work that will be published by the University of Chicago Press. The Press conducted a peer review and approved our design, contents list, and development strategy during Year 2 of the current five-year grant. (Approval by the Press Board was a significant milestone because, in accord with Press policy for huge reference works like Volume Six, peer review occurs at the pre-contract stage, during which the concept and strategy are vetted, rather than after submission of a complete and dauntingly massive manuscript.) Progress to date includes recruiting contributors for 83% of the 520 assignable entries on the list approved by the Press, logging in first drafts for 56% of the entries commissioned, and reviewing and approving 44% of the entries received. This proposal explains why the timetable for the original work plan was unrealistic and presents a workable strategy for completing the research and delivering a publishable manuscript to the Press for timely publication in 2013 or 2014. Addressing all aspects of cartography during the twentieth century, Volume Six differs from earlier volumes in its inherent focus on electronic technology as well as the rise and fall of mass production; the relative democratization of map use and associated improvements in cartographic literacy; the increased role of government in collecting, mapping, and using scientific data; the heightened concern for data quality; the changing boundaries between cartography and other endeavors; the relationship of cartography to public policy; and increased awareness of ethical considerations in the design and use of maps. The intellectual merit of Volume Six lies in the significance of the twentieth century as a pivotal period in cartographic history; the need of scholars, students, and general users for a comprehensive, well-organized encyclopedia of map history; the logical, systematic process used to develop the list of entry terms and to recruit knowledgeable advisors and contributors in association with the History of Cartography Project; and the proven reference-checking and editorial process developed for earlier volumes. The broader impacts of Volume Six will derive largely from its value as a reference work and research tool for scholars, whose writings will have further impacts on other scholars, journalists, and the general public. It will also encourage many of its numerous contributors (260 recruited to date) to publish expanded essays elsewhere or to undertake book-length studies. In addition to stimulating research on map history, Volume Six will increase awareness of maps and geographic information among historians of geography, of science and technology, and of science and society as well as among general lay users. All of these impacts should be substantially greater than for the other volumes in The History of Cartography series because of cartography's markedly stronger ties during the twentieth century to science and engineering, the substantial and increased involvement of cartographic technology in public administration and warfare, and the wider use of maps by the media and the general public.