DDRI: Linguistics and Language Sovereignty in Northern Australia, 1959-2008

这项科学与社会博士论文研究改进基金旨在追溯土著社区如何发展语言所有权的历史。在澳大利亚，土著社区控制使用土著语言的能力已经成为一种新的主权的表现：语言主权。本研究建议通过比较语言学、土地激进主义和濒危语言复兴来追溯过去50年来语言主权的历史。社会科学家和原住民活动家阐明了语言是一种财产形式的各种观点。语言被不同程度地视为科学资本，被视为公共领域的一部分，被视为语言社区集体智力劳动创造的价值，被视为需要受到版权或商标保护的资产，被视为一种形而上的实体，被视为土著国家的表现，应该被类似于土著所有权的东西所覆盖。本研究将结合档案资料分析与访谈。收集的数据将揭示该项目中研究的两个社区的活动：1)语言学家，通过检查整个澳大利亚北部的语言田野调查和语言分类；2)贫穷的活动家，通过检查被称为金伯利的西北部地区以社区为中心的语言活动。这项研究将考察这两种掌握语言知识的传统是如何在土地主张中发生冲突的。它还将提出一个问题，即广义上的语言科学如何为新兴的全球知识产权法制度做出贡献。在文化差异已成为衡量智力资产价值的关键标准的全球经济中(例如，在药物开发、大众媒体、粮食和农业中)，必须了解在获取具有重要文化意义的智力资产方面产生冲突的情况。知识产权、社会正义和人权是相互交织的。这项研究的目的是澄清为什么会这样，并提出对社会科学和法学的影响。

This Science & Society doctoral dissertation research improvement grant seeks to trace the history of how Aboriginal communities have developed language ownership. In Australia, capacity of Aboriginal communities to control access to Aboriginal languages has emerged as an expression of a new kind of sovereignty: language sovereignty. This study proposes to trace the history of language sovereignty through comparative linguistics, land activism, and endangered language revitalization over the past fifty years. Social scientists and Aboriginal activists have articulated a variety of visions of language as a form of property. Language has been viewed variously as scientific capital, as part of a public domain, as value created by the collective intellectual labor of a speech community, as an asset to be protected by copyright or trademark, and as a metaphysical entity, and as a manifestation of Aboriginal country that should be covered by something akin to native title. This research will combine analysis of archived materials and interviews. The data gathered will shed light on the activities of two communities studied in the project: 1) linguists, by examining linguistic fieldwork and language classification across northern Australia; and 2) indiginous activists, by examining community-centered language activism in the northwestern region known as the Kimberley. The study will examine how these two traditions of making knowledge about language have come into conflict in land claims. And it will ask how language science, broadly construed, has contributed to an emerging global regime of intellectual property law. In a global economy where cultural distinction has become a key criterion of value for intellectual assets (e.g., in drug development, in popular media, in food and agriculture), it is essential to understand the circumstances in which conflicts over access to culturally significant intellectual assets arise. Intellectual property, social justice, and human rights are intertwined. The aim of this study is to clarify why this is so and to suggest implications for social science and law.