Innnovative functional coatings with transition metal oxides and their antimicrobial and catalytic properties

过渡金属氧化物（MoO3和WO3）复合材料是一类新的重要材料，由于其良好的物理和化学性质，越来越多地被开发用于研究。这些材料在许多生物、化学、生物医学和制药应用中作为抗菌剂和催化剂具有特别的意义。在项目初期，我们可以清楚地证明，含有过渡金属氧化物（例如MoO3）的化合物是永久防止有害微生物在无生命表面定植的高效材料。我们报道了将不同晶体结构的MoO3加入到各种聚合物基质中，可以减少微生物污染和生物膜的生长。许多与抗菌活性相关的机理和催化性能相关的科学问题将在拟建项目期间得到解决。我们还可以证明，通过溶胶-凝胶处理制备的具有系统变化组成的MoO3-TiO2复合材料具有显著的光催化降解性能。作为过渡金属氧化物应用的进一步发展，我们展望了对木质纤维素材料降解的催化性能的探索。这将使生产低分子量化合物的成本效益和绿色路线成为可能。本文的第一个目的是阐述氧化钼的抗菌机理。我们认为MoO3的晶相和含水量对抗菌活性有很大影响。相和成分会随着材料加工参数（如热处理）的变化而变化。合成复合材料的抗菌性能将作为结晶相的函数进行评估。第二个科学问题与修饰表面上的电荷密度分布有关，这避免了微生物的生长、扩散和转移。将设想电荷密度作为材料中氧化钼颗粒分布的函数的评价。基于抗菌性能的结果和光催化性能的观察，过渡金属氧化物将被开发为光和化学诱导降解反应的催化活性材料。一个主要的工作假设是，过渡金属氧化物及其复合材料能够降解木质纤维素生物聚合物组合物，以生态和成本效益的方式生产低分子量化合物。研究了不同的MoO3复合材料对低分子量化合物和残留生物聚合物产率的影响。我们相信这一建议对未来在生物质转化领域的工业应用和作为抗菌剂具有重要意义。

Composites of transition metal oxides (MoO3 and WO3) represent a new class of important materials that are increasingly being developed for use in research due to their favourable physical and chemical properties. These materials are of particular interest as antimicrobial agents and as catalysts in numerous biological, chemical, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. In the initial project period, we could distinctly demonstrate that compounds comprising transition metal oxides (e.g. MoO3) are highly efficient materials to permanently prevent colonisation of harmful microorganisms of inanimate surfaces. We reported on the reduction of microbial contamination and biofilm growth on inanimate surfaces with incorporated different crystal structures of MoO3 into the various polymer substrates. Many scientific issues related to the mechanism and the catalytic properties related to the antimicrobial activity arose, which will be addressed in the proposed project period. We could also show that MoO3-TiO2 composite with systematically varied compositions prepared by sol-gel-processing exhibit significant photocatalytic degradation properties. As a further development on the application of transition metal oxides we envision the exploration of the catalytic properties for the degradation of lignocellulosic materials. This will enable a cost efficient and green route to produce low-molecular weight compounds. The first aim of this continuation proposal is to elaborate on the antimicrobial mechanism of molybdenum oxide. We propose that the crystallographic phase and water content in MoO3 strongly influence on the antimicrobial activity. The phase and composition will be varied by adapting the materials processing parameters (e.g. thermal treatment). The antimicrobial properties of the synthesised composites will be evaluated as a function of the crystallographic phase. The second scientific issue is related to the charge density distribution on the modified surfaces which avoid the growth, spread and transfer of the microorganisms. Evaluation of the charge density as a function of the molybdenum oxide particle distribution in materials will be envisioned. Based upon the results on the antimicrobial properties and our observation on the photocatalytic properties, the transition metal oxides will be developed as catalytically active materials for photo and chemically induced degradation reactions. One major work hypothesis is that transition metal oxides and their composites are able to degrade lignocellulosic biopolymer compositions for producing low-molecular weight compounds in an ecological and cost efficient route. The influence of different composite materials of MoO3 on the yield of low-molecular weight compounds and residual biopolymers will be elucidated. We believe that this proposal has a substantial importance for future industrial applications in the area of biomass conversion and as antimicrobial agents.