Nominalizations: Philosophical and Linguistic Perspectives

名词化在语言学（句法和语义）和哲学中都占有重要地位。名词化结构是语法学家感兴趣的一个研究领域，因为名词化结构的生成基础与名词化结构之间既有差异又有相似之处（如论元结构和句法特征）。研究名物化的语义学家对基本表达式的语义和名物化的语义之间的联系很感兴趣，特别是因为名物化可以用来形成一个指称项，指的是某个对象，该对象在某种程度上与基本表达式的内容有关。名物化在哲学中的本体论讨论中占有重要地位，因为名物化似乎形成了指代抽象对象（如命题、属性或事实）或“次要实体”（如事件、状态或比喻）的术语。然而，研究名词化的句法和语义的语言学家和对名词化显然所指的对象感兴趣的哲学家之间的互动还很少。该项目旨在填补这一空白，汇集了一些语言学家，特别是法国方面的语言学家，其中一些已经参与了研究名词化的研究小组，以及一群专注于本体论的德国哲学家。他们将系统地探讨需要两个学科共同贡献的问题。首先，这些问题涵盖了语义和本体（IP1）以及语义和元本体（IP2）的一系列基本问题。但是，对名词化的分析也对主要不属于本体论的辩论产生了广泛的影响，这也将被考察，包括关于心理态度（IP3）和哲学逻辑（IP4）的辩论。

Nominalizations figure prominently in both linguistics (syntax and semantics) and philosophy. Nominalizations are of interest to syntacticians because of differences and similarities between the base from which the nominalization is derived and the nominalization (such as its argument structure and syntactic features). Semanticists studying nominalizations are interested in the connection between the semantics of the base expression and the semantics of the nominalization in particular because the nominalization can be used to form a referential term, referring, it appears to some object which is in some way related to the content of the base expression. Nominalizations figure prominently in ontological discussions in philosophy since nominalizations appear to form terms that refer to abstract objects (such as propositions, properties, or facts) or 'minor entities' (such as events, states, or tropes). There is as yet very little interaction, though, between linguists working on the syntax and semantics of nominalizations and philosophers interested in the objects to which nominalizations apparently refer. This project aims to fill that gap, bringing together a number of linguists especially on the French side, some of which are involved already in research groups studying nominalizations, with a group of German philosophers with a focus on ontology. They will systematically explore questions that require the joint contribution of the two disciplines. The questions cover, first, a range of fundamental issues in semantics and ontology (IP1), as well as semantics and meta-ontology (IP2). But analyses of nominalization also have wide-reaching consequences for debates not primarily belonging to ontology which will be examined as well, including debates about mental attitudes (IP3), and philosophical logic (IP4).